Ukukhipha isisu okanye ukukhulelwa kwesisu kubizwa ngokuba yizisisu kwixesha elide lokufikelela kwiiveki ezingama-28. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngaphambi kokuba iiveki ezili-12 ziqwalaselwe ekuqaleni, emva kwexesha elide - emva kwexesha. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa emva kweiveki ezingama-28 ukuya kwi-38 kuthiwa ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa.
Ukukhipha isisu kwangoku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela, kwaye akuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yowesifazane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphuphuma kwesisu kuvela kwiiveki ezi-12 zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kwesisu.
Izimbangela zokulahleka kwamathambo ngokubanzi zininzi kwaye zintlobo ezahlukeneyo.
I-Chromosomal engaqhelekanga ye-embrym isoloko ibangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. I-Chromosomal engaqhelekanga ivela ngenxa yeziphene kwi-ovum okanye kwi-spermatozoa okanye malunga neengxaki zesikhashana zokuhlula i-zygote.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zivame ukukhokelela ekukhiphe isisu. Ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, zezi zifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazelekayo kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, umkhuhlane, owona oqhelekileyo, udlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kubakho ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, i-rheumatism, i-rheumatism enzima, i-rubella, i-red fever, imasisi. Ukutshatyalaliswa komtshato kungenzeka nge-angina, i-pneumonia, i-pyelonephritis, i-appendicitis. Ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kwizifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazelayo kubangela ukuba: ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuxhala, u-hypoxia, ukungondleki kunye nezinye izifo; kwi-membrane yesigxina, utshintsho lwe-dystrophic form, kunye ne-hemorrhages; Ukunciphisa imithintelo yokukhawulela ye-chorion kunye nama-microorganisms angena kwi-embryo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingapheliyo nazo zinokufaka isandla ekukhiphe isisu. Nge-toxoplasmosis, isifo sofuba, i-brucellosis, i-syphilis, ukukhupha isisu kubangelwa rhoqo kunokuba kunezifo ezinzima. Ngonyango olugcweleyo lwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukukhulelwa kungagcinwa kwaye kuqhubeka ngokuqhelekileyo.
Izifo ezingapheliyo ezingasifakiyo nazo zingabangela ukuba ukhupha isisu, ngakumbi kwizifo ezinzima. Izifo ezinjalo ziquka: izifo zentliziyo zesifo kunye neengxaki zomjikelezo, i-glomerulonephritis engapheliyo kunye nesifo esixinzelelekileyo sesimo esibi. Ukukhulelwa kunokuphazamiseka xa kukho inkqubo ebalulekileyo yezifo zegazi (i-anemia, leukemia).
Ukuzalwa komntwana yenye yezona zinto ezibangela ukukhipha isisu. Ngokwe-infantilism, kukho ukungafezeki komsebenzi we-ovaries kunye nezinye iigland ze-endocrine, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukukhushulwa kwesibeleko kunye nokunciphisa okwaneleyo kwe-pharynx yangaphakathi.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhulelwa kwesisu ziquka izifo ze-neuroendocrine zeengqungquthela ze-endocrine. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngama-hyperthyroidism, i-hypothyroidism, isifo sikashukela, izifo ze-adrenal kunye ne-ovarian.
Ukuxiliswa komzimba kaninzi kukhokelela ekufeni kwembungu kunye nokukhulelwa komzimba. Eyona yingozi yikhokelela, i-mercury, iicicin, i-petroli kunye nezinye iichiza ezinobuthi.
Ukuba igazi lalawo mabini lingahambelani neR Rh, i-fetus ingayifumana i-antigens kayise. Ama-antigens embryo (engahambelani nomama) xa engena kwi-placenta emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelweyo, ancedise ekubunjweni kwamanqindi ahlukeneyo. Ama-antibodies angena kumntwana kwaye angabangela izifo ze-hemolytic, ezingabangela ukufa komntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kulo mzekelo, kukho ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ukukhuthazwa komzimba ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwanda.
Ama-anomali we-ovum kunye nesidoda esenzeka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kungakhokelela ekukhiphe isisu.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphelisa ukukhulelwa ziquka ukukhishwa kwesisu, okukhokelela ekuphazamiseni inkqubo ye-endocrine kunye neentlanzi, i-endometritis engapheliyo nezinye izifo ezivuthayo. Xa ukwandisa umlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lokukhupha isisu, umonakalo kwimisipha ye-muscle kwi-isthmic-colervical region ye-cervix inokwenzeka, okukhokelela ekungenakulungelelaniswa kwintsholongwane yesibeleko, apho ukukhulelwa komzimba kubangela ingxaki.
Izifo ezivuthayo zezifo zofuzo zihlala ziphazamiseka ekukhutshweni kokukhulelwa. Njengoko ukuvuvukala, umsebenzi okanye isakhiwo se-endometrium ayinakukhubazeka. Isizathu sokukhulelwa kwesisu singamanyathelo okubambelela, ukubunjwa kwe-ecological kwi-pelvis encinci, ekhusela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwesibeletho esithweleyo.
Kubasetyhini abanesistim esingenakulinganisela, ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa kungenzeka ngexinzelelo olubi lwengqondo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto eziphathekayo - izifucu, izibhamu, iingxaki-zonke ezi zinto zingenza negalelo ekuphumuleni komzimba, kwimeko ye-infantilism, izifo ezivuthayo kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokukhupha isisu.
Kwimeko yokukhupha isisu, okuye kwavela ngenxa yesenzo sezinto ezichazwe ngasentla, umphumo wokugqibela yinkqubo efanayo - umsebenzi wesivumelwano unesiqanda. Iqanda le-fetal lihamba ngokukhawuleza lisuka kwi-membrane ye-mucous ye-uterus kwaye igxothwe ngaphandle kwayo, okubangela ukuba utyumle iintlungu kunye nokuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elifutshane kufana nokukhoyo kokubeletha (i-cervix ivula, i-amniotic fluid leaves, i-fetus izalwa, kwaye i-placenta)
Umfanekiso weklinikhi wokukhipha isisu ngokuxhomekeke kwithuba lokukhulelwa, isigaba, imbangela, eyabangela ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa kwesisu kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kubonakala ngokudibanisa intlungu kunye nokukhulelwa kwamanzi, kwi-trimester yesibili, iimpawu zokuqala zokuphuphuma komzimba ziye zityumza intlungu kwisisu esisezantsi, ukuphuma kwegazi kuhlangene emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziganeko ze-etiological ezibangele ukukhipha isisu ngokukhawuleza, kunokubakho iimpawu zembonakaliso zayo zekliniki.
Kwimeko yokukhupha ngokukhawuleza kwangoko, i-pathogenic microorganisms (staphylococci, streptococci) ihlala ingena kwisibeletho, ekhokelela ekuphucululeni isisu esisisu.
Enye inkathazo enzima yokukhipha isisu ngepolitpenti ephahleni. Le nkxalabo, eyenzekayo xa i-placenta ihlala kwisigxina se-uterine, iimbumba ezihluma kunye nezicubu ezixhamlayo kwaye zixhomekeke ngokuqinile kwiindonga zesisu. Kwizonyango, kubonakaliswa ukukhulelwa kwamanzi okude. Unyango luyenziwa ngokutshiza i-uterine cavity.
Ngesongelo sokukhupha isisu, isigulane siphunywe esibhedlele. Isibhedlele inikeza unyango olunzulu olujoliswe ekupheliseni imbangela enkulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu, kunye nokugcina ukukhulelwa.