Namhlanje phantse yonke indlu inenani ubuncinci inani leeplastiki, izitsha ezilahlayo. Ngokomzekelo, kungekude kakhulu kwipiknikini bathatha i-porcelain ejwayelekile, iiglasi, izitya zetsimbi, kwaye emva kokuphumla kwakufuneka zibuyiselwe ekhaya kwaye zihlanjwe kakuhle. Oku kwakukhuselekile kakhulu ngokuphumla komsikazi.
Imbali ye-tabletware elahlayo
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-tableware elahlayo yabonakala e-USA. Ekuqaleni, kuphela iikomityi zephepha eziye zaveliswa, kamva zaqala ukwenza iipuni, iiplate, iimigufi, iifoloko. Kwaye ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1950, xa kuveliswa umthamo omkhulu wokutya izitsha, iipolymer materials zaqala ukutshintsha iphepha. Nangona kunjalo, abakhiqizi banamhlanje babuyela kwimveliso yephepha, kuba ikhuselekile kwaye ayinobuthi.
Ilizwe lethu laqala ukuvelisa izitya ezilahlwayo kunye neekomityi zephepha, kodwa umgangatho kunye nokubonakala kwakuninzi ukufunwa, umzekelo, ukusela isafire eshushu kunye nokungafuthi, bekufuneka ukuba ufake enye indebe kwenye.
Ku-USSR kwakukho izimbalwa zokutya okukhawulezayo, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yezinto ezilahlayo. Emva kwexesha, mhlawumbi phakathi kwee-1990, iRashiya yaqala ukuvelisa iphepha kunye nezinto zokuplastiki ezilahlekileyo, ngaphezu koko, kumgangatho ongaphantsi kweYurophu kunye neMelika.
Ukhuseleko, umgangatho, iipropati zabathengi - ezi ziimfuno ezisemgangathweni ezinikezelwa izitya ezilahla namhlanje.
Ukutya kweempahla zeplastiki
Ngethuba le-polymerization yezinto, ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa ukuba zonke iamolekyu sele zifikile ubukhulu obufunekayo, ngoko ezinye iamolekyu zihlala zisebenza, oko kuthetha ukuba bangena kwizinto ezikuyo izitya, baze bangene emzimbeni womntu. Inkqubo ikhawuleza xa itiye elityayo okanye ikhofi ithululelwa kwiitya ezifana nokutya okutshisayo.
Ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki ziqulethe izityholo ezinxinxileyo, izilwanyana ezinobungozi, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi, xa zishushu, zingena emzimbeni wethu, kwaye zisebenzise ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nangaphezulu. Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko ukuba usebenzise kwakhona izitya ezilahlwayo.
Izinto ze-Acrylic kunye ne-styrene azibizi kwaye ziqwalasela ukuba ayinakuqhekeka. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenza, izitya ze-styrene zihlala ziphuka. Izitya ezinjalo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, zingashenwa ngesandla okanye kwi-dishwasher, kodwa ayikwazi ukufakwa kwi-oven microwave.
I-Polypropylene yinto engabizi kakhulu esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izitya. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kulo mxholo zinokumelana namaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-100 o C. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiipikniksi, amaqela kunye nezinye iziganeko ezilungiselelwe emoyeni omtsha. Izitya ezinjalo zihlanjululwe kakuhle ngesandla, kodwa kunokwenzeka kwi-dishwasher. Iipropropylene izitya zingasetyenziselwa kwi-oven microwaves.
I-Polycarbonate ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nexabiso elibi (libiza amaxesha angama-5-6 ngaphezu kwexabiso). Kule maglasi okusetyenziswa kotywala. Iitya zePolycarbonate zingasuswa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwivenkile ye-microwave.
Izitya ezenziwe nge-polystyrene ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuhlukeneyo, kwaye, njengomthetho, kukho ukumakisha okufanayo, kodwa kusekuninzi izixhobo ezinjalo zenzelwe iimveliso ezibandayo.
I-polystyrene ene-foam eyitshatileyo ishushu kakhulu: kwiivenkile ezinjalo unokuthulula ukutya okutshisayo okanye itiye, kwaye njengoko ukuqhuba ukushisa kuhlwempu, akuyi kutshisa izandla zakho. Izitya ezinjalo zilula ukucoceka kwisitya sokuhlambalaza, singasetyenziselwa kwi-oven microwave.
I-melamine kwishishini likhemikhali, njengoko kwaziwa, iindidi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-formaldehyde resin ziyafumaneka. Kwiitya ezenziwe nge-melamine, kukho rhoqo umlinganiselo omkhulu we-formaldehyde, obunobuthi obuyingozi kubantu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo umxholo wale nkunkuma udlula isiqhelo esivumelekileyo ngamaxesha amaninzi. Izitya ezivela kwi-melamine ngokwabo ziyingozi kwaye zichaphazela umzimba ngokungahambi kakuhle, ngoko ke nabavelisi baphatha ngezinye izihlandlo bangezelele kwi-asbestos yamandla, engabangela ukuphuhliswa komhlaza. Yingakho umveliso wekile ukusebenzisa i-asbestos. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuthululela ezintweni ezinjalo into eshushu, ngoko kanye ngoko-formaldehyde iqala ukwabiwa. Ewe, imidwebo kwiidyo zifanele zigcinwe ngendleko yepende, apho kukhokelelwa khona.
Impahla yesikhathi esisodwa yenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride. Iingenelo zalo mbandela - zilula, zizinzileyo, zingabizi, zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye zilula ukucoceka. Kodwa asikwaziswa malunga nokungahambisani nokuxhatshazwa kwe-polyvinyl chloride ngabavelisi: izinto ziyahlukana ngokukhawuleza ukuba isiphuzo sithengiswa kwibhotile yale nto, ngoko i-toxins iya kungena ngokukhawuleza kuyo, kwaye ke ezi ngxube zingene emzimbeni wethu.
Yaye nangona oogqirha bathi le nto ayingozi kumzimba wethu, nangona kunjalo, ngokufumanisa i-milligram ye-toxins imihla ngemihla, umntu akanakunqanda ukuba izifo eziyingozi ziye zavela. Ekupheleni kwesizathu, nayiphi na izitya zaseplastiki zichaphazela impilo yethu. Ukusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga kweengxaki ezibonakalayo akubangelwa.
Yaye igama elithi "i-tableware elilahlayo" lithetha ngokwalo, lijoliswe ekusebenziseni ukudibanisa, kodwa kungenjalo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kodwa, ngelishwa, abahlali bethu abahlawulanga nantoni na oku. Ezi ziitya kufuneka zilahlwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa kokuqala, ngenxa yokuba yenzelwe le njongo.
Abavelisi abanomdla kwiimveliso zabo baya kufaka uphawu, kwaye izinto zeplastiki azikho nto, kufuneka zifunde ukuqonda okokubhala. Umzekelo, i-PS ithi izitya zenziwe nge-polystyrene, kwaye ngoko, akufanele ifakwe kwaye ifakwe kutshisa, njengokuba kunye nokutya uza kufumana iibhox ezonakalisa isibindi. Ukutyunjwa kwePP kubonisa ukuba izitya zenziwe nge-polypropylene, ezinzile ukufudumala, ngoko unako ukusela ikofi eshushu kunye nayo kwaye udle izitya ezishisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba eli li-tableware elilahlayo, awusayi kuwusebenzisa kwakhona.