Kwabaninzi kuthi igama elithi "ugonyo" linxulumene nabantwana. Kodwa enyanisweni, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abadala benze ukugonya, njengabantwana. Izibalo zamanje ziqinisekisa oku. Unyaka ngamnye, amakhulu abantu abadala bafa kwizifo ezinokuthintela ngokugonywa. Ingakumbi ixhalabisa ngezifo ezifana ne-influenza, i-hepatitis A kunye ne-B, ukusuleleka kwe-pneumococcal kunye nabanye.
Ingqwalasela ingakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe kwishedyuli yokugonywa. Ngasinye isitofu sinexesha. Kwaye ngaphambi kokuba wenze oko, ugqirha kufuneka ahlolisise imeko yakho yempilo ukuze uphephe imiphumo emibi.
Ngubani na onokunyamekela naziphi na izifo?
Ukuba awuzange ube nemasisi, ama-mumps okanye i-rubella, ngoko kufuneka ukuba ugonywe ngezi zifo ezibi kakhulu. Ubomvu buyingozi kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo, ekubeni intsholongwane yale ntsholongwane inefuthe le-teratogenic. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana okhulayo angakhula umntwana, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwembungu.
U-Parotita ukwesaba kakhulu kwisiqingatha sabantu. Into leyo kukuba intsholongwane yesi sifo ichaphazela kakubi indawo yesini kwaye ingakhokelela ekungeneni. Yingakho ixesha lokunyamekela impilo yakho kunye nokugonya.
I-Hepatitis A iyingozi kuba ichaphazela isibindi. Isibindi, njengesi-nazyvestno, sisona sigqeba esiphezulu se-detoxification yazo zonke iityhefu kunye neesxibisi ezivela kwimvelo emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba isibindi sichaphazelwa yi-hepatitis, siyayeka ukusebenza. Ukuze ugweme oku, yenze i-vaccination ngexesha elichasene ne-hepatitis A. Ngokukodwa abo bathanda ukuhamba emazweni atshisayo okanye abo abanesifo esibindibuthakathaka kwezinye izifo ezingapheliyo basengozini yokusuleleka intsholongwane. Ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis zithunyelwa ngegazi, ngoko kufuneka uhlale uqaphela ukuthobeka kwezixhobo zonyango.
Inoculation malunga nomkhuhlane
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, oogqirha abaninzi baye baphikisana ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba bafumana umkhuhlane. Abanye bathi kubalulekile, kwaye abanye bacebisa ukuba bayeke. Yintoni na?
Hayi ngezwi, siyazi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha izifo zesifo sengculaza ziphela kwintlekele. Ukwandisa, intsholongwane iguquka kwaye i-antibiotics elula nayo ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nayo, ngoko ke abo banesifo sokukhuseleka, kubalulekile ukuba bacinge ngokugonya. Namhlanje, i-influenza ingakhokelela ekufeni okanye ezinzima kwizitho ezahlukeneyo (intliziyo, isibindi, izintso njalonjalo). Kodwa nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba banqande ezo zitofu, njengoko kukho iimeko xa isigulane kwisigontsho siphendule kakhulu. Ngoko ngubani oza kuphulaphula?
Into yokuba xa kukho ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza komkhuhlane omtsha, izazinzulu kufuneka ziphuhlise iintsholongwane ezitsha kwixesha elifutshane kwaye akukho xesha lokuthatha ingqalelo nganye indlela. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokuqala emva kokuqala kwezigulane ezintsha, iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zingenzeka kubantu. Kodwa kunye neengxaki ezinokuthi zinike iigonya, musa ukuya kunoma iyiphi into enokuthi uthelekise nengozi intsholongwane. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiifom ezingamanyanga kunye neziyobisi. Ukusuka apha kuza kwisiphetho esilula - ugonyo kufuneka lwenziwe!
Okokuqala kwindawo yokugonywa kwe-influenza idinga abantu asebekhulile kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunye nabo baneentsapho ezineentsana. Njengomthetho, la maqela abantu awanciphise amandla omzimba, ngoko kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu kokufumana intsholongwane.
ITetanus kunye ne-diphtheria
Izifo ezinjengeTetanus kunye ne-diphtheria ziye zaphela, ngenxa yokhuselo lokugonya okukhulu. Ezi zitofu zenziwa ebuntwaneni. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba umkhuhlane unokufumana i-vdetstve, kuyimfuneko ngamanye amaxesha ukuqinisa. Ukuba oko akukwenziwanga, umzimba womntu omdala awukhuseli ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yabantwana kwaye uqala ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukuya kwisiphumo esibulalayo. Ngoko ke, yonke iminyaka eyi-10 kuyimfuneko ukugonywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga ne-tetanus kunye ne-diphtheria.
Usulelo lwe-pneumococcal
Usulelo lwe-pneumococcal alukabangela izifo ezinamandla, eziza kubandakanya ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Kodwa isitofu sokukhuselwa kwesi sifo kufuneka senziwe, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekufeni. Qinisekisa ukufumana inoculation malunga ne-pneumococcus kubantu asebekhulile abaye bafikelela kwiminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kunye nalabo abane-immunity ebuthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo ezihlala zihlala njalo.
Poliomyelitis
Esi sifo singozi kakhulu kumntu wonke: kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Kunemiphumo emibi: ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kweengxaki zegazi kunye nokukhubazeka, okubomi obungasishiya umntu okhubazekile kwaye ongenakunceda. Ngaphambili, esi sifo esibuhlungu sasihlangana rhoqo kwaye sithatha ingqungquthela yesibalo. Namhlanje, ngenxa yokugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, akuyingozi kakhulu. Njengomntwana, ngamnye umntwana unikezwa amaconsi amancinci amkhusela kwi-poliomyelitis ebomini. Kodwa nakubantu abadala bakhona amaqela abantu abafuna ukuyenza le inoculation kwakhona. Oku kubandakanya amanye amaqela abasebenzi bezempilo, kunye nabo ba tyelela amazwe apho esi sifo sisekhona.
Ukugonywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Kukho olunye udidi lwabemi abaye bafunekayo ukugonywa. Oku kusebenza kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, umzimba kufuneka uthathe imithwalo enzima, kwaye ngoko-ke ukukhulelwa komzimba kubuthathaka. Abanye oogqirha bayaphikisana nokuba ngeli thuba ukwenza izitofu. Emva koko, ngaphandle kwabo, eli lixesha elixanduva kunye elinzima. Ukongezelela, ngexesha lophando lwezonyango ezahlukeneyo kunye noqhagamshelwano olungadingekile kunye nenaliti, kukho umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis C kwaye ke ngoko ngamnye kuthi ngokukhawuleza umbuza umbuzo: kulungile ukwenza nayiphi na iigonyana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngoko? Kulula kakhulu - kufuneka ucwangcise ukukhulelwa kwakho. Emva koko ukuzaliseka kukulungele ukuzalwa komntwana.
Kukho isicwangciso esikhethekileyo, ngokubhekiselele kubo abafazi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukukhulelwa. Izigulane zininzi: ukusuka ku-hepatitis, inkukhu yenkukhu, i-rubella, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-hepatitis. I-vaccination esifike ngexesha ayiyi kwenza nantoni na umntwana okanye unina. Kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo, loo ntokazi iya kuziqinisekisa kwaye ikhuselwe ezi zifo eziyingozi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izitofu zivunyelwe ukuba zenziwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa kuphela kwi-trimester yesibini neyesithathu, xa zingenaso isisongelo esisisisayo kumntwana. Uluhlu lwezigulana lubandakanya ukugonywa kwe-tetanus, i-diphtheria kunye ne-pertussis.
Kwaye kunye nezinye izitofu zokugonywa
Uluhlu lwezigulane ezifunekayo lubandakanya ukugonywa kwepillomavirus yabantu. Ukugonywa, njengomthetho, kuqhutywa kwizigaba ezintathu zabafazi abaneminyaka eli-11 ukuya kuma-26. Ukuba unobuthakathaka obuncitshiswayo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ugonywe ngokuchasene nenkukhu yenkukhu (inkukhu yenkukhu) .Abantu abadala abanqabile ukugula ngesifo, kodwa ukuba oko kwenzeka, isifo siya kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye siya kuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo.
Abantu abakhulileyo abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu kufuneka banokugonywa kwi-herpes zoster. Olu sulelo luyanciphisa kakhulu ukukhusela kwaye luyakwazi ukubonakalisa xa i-immune system iphazamiseka. Iingqungqa nazo zisongela abo, njengomntwana, benomkhuhlane, ukwenzela ukuthintela, ungenza le inoculation ngexesha langaphambili.