Ukwazi impawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphulwa okunjalo kubalulekile ukuba abazali bakwazi ukuthelekisa ukuqwalasela kwabo, bathethe nodokotela ngexesha lokubonisana, bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela. Ziziphi izifo zengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka okwenzeka kubantwana, funda kwinqaku "kwiimpawu zezifo zengqondo kwizingane."
Intloko kubantwana abaneengxaki zeengqondo
Intloko zihlala zizifo ezingapheliyo, zihlala kwindawo yesibini kubantwana ngokubhekiselele kwintsholongwane emva kokukhuluphala. Kodwa intloko yesifuba ayifanele ithathelwe njengempawu nje, njengoko izizathu zayo zingahluke - ezivela kwizifo zamehlo, umzekelo, ezingabonakaliswa kwindlela esondeleyo kuyo, kwimizimba yesifo esiyingozi. Ii-Migraines zifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, zihlala zihlala kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo.
Iintlobo zeentloko
1. Iintsholongwane ezisisiseko: ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, ukunweba kwemithambo yegazi, njl njl. Injalo intloko iquka: - iMigraines. Ziyakwenzeka kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-8, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsapho apho sele sele zikhona abantwana abane-migraines. Amanye amantombazana anemigraines ehambelana nomjikelezo wesini. Nangona kunjalo ukuba iimpawu ze-migraines kubo bonke abantwana zihlukile, eziqhelekileyo zinokuqwalaselwa:
- Ubuhlungu kumnye okanye kumacala omabini entloko. Kubantwana abancinci, intloko yonke ibuhlungu. Intlungu inokutshiza okanye iqhubeke (nangona abantwana abaselula banokuchazela ukuba intloko yabo ibuhlungu njani).
- Ububele obubuhlungu ekukhanyeni nakwizandi.
- Isihlunu, ukuhlanza, okanye zombini.
- Ubuhlungu besisu.
- Ukuxela.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine, abanye abantwana bafumana ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo: phambi kokuba amehlo abo avele akhangayo, indawo yenguquko yombono, ukuvumba okungavamile.
- Intloko ezibangelwa uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki ze-neurologic zihlobo oluqhelekileyo lweentloko. Iimpawu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantwana, eziqhelekileyo zazo zilandelayo:
- Ubunzima buthathaka kodwa bukhula ngokukhawuleza.
- Iintlungu zihlala zihlala kwindawo zombini yentloko.
- Intlungu ayibuhlungu, njengokungathi i-hula hoop eyomeleleyo yafakwa entloko yakho, okanye igxininiswe entanyeni okanye entanyeni.
- Ubunzima obuvela kwi-mild to moderate, kodwa engenamandla.
- Ukuphambana nokulala.
- Ukungabikho kwesicongconi, ukuhlanza nokuvalazela ukukhanya.
- Iintsholongwane ze-cyclic: ngokuqhelekileyo zigcinwe kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-10 ubudala, ingakumbi kwiintsana eziselula. Intlungu enjalo inokuphinda iqhutywe kwiiveki okanye kwinyanga, iimjikelezo ziphindaphindiwe emva kweminyaka eyi-1 -2. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- Intlungu ebuhlungu kwelinye icala lentloko, ngokuqhelekileyo lijikeleze iliso. Inkophe iyakwehla, idideke ize ivuke, abafundi bayaphula.
- I-Stuffy impumlo okanye ukukhupha kwimpumlo.
- Ubuso buso.
2. Iintsholongwane zesekondari: olu luhlobo oluthile oluqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo lunobangela we-organic cerebral, oluhambelana neengxaki zesakhiwo okanye eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo ukuba zichongwe. Ukuqatshelwa kwentlungu leyo kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba unyango alujoliswanga nje ngentlungu ngokwawo, kodwa nakubangela obangela ukuba, obunokubungozi ubomi.
I-Meningitis eneengxaki ze-neurological
Iimpawu zesimiso senzwa, ingqondo kunye nomtya womgca, zihlanganiswe ngeembrane ezithambileyo. Ezi iigobolondo azigcini nje ngokuzalisekisa imisebenzi yazo, kodwa ziba ngumqobo wokungena kwi-inxins kunye ne-microorganisms. Ukuba iinambuzane zinqoba le nqobo, i-meningitis iyaqhubeka - eli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke izifo ezivuthayo ezichaphazela imimbrane, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, nangona zibizwa ngokuba yi-acute infectious, okanye ibhakteria, i-meningitis. Isizathu esona siqhelo sisifo sikaHaemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) okanye i-Neisseria meningitidis (amaqela A, B, C, Y, W-135). I-Meningitis yemvelaphi yentsholongwane (aseptic) isoloko ibonwa kubantwana yaye ithathwa njengengozi kakhulu kunebhakteria. Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zingena emzimbeni ngomlomo, ziphindaphinda emzimbeni kwaye zixutywe kunye namafesi. Ukuba izandla zingcolile, intsholongwane iyasasazeka (le nqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-fecal-oral transmission mechanism). Ngaloo ndlela, intsholongwane ingakwazi ukuqhubeka isasazeka kwiiveki emva kokuba usulelekile.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-meningitis:
- Ukushisa.
- Intloko.
- Intamo yentamo.
- Ukudibanisa kweNasal.
- Ukuvutha.
- Ububele obubuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
Iimpawu ezibonisa ukuphuhliswa kwingozi kwesi sifo:
- Ukulala nokukhathala okukhulu.
- Ukugqithisa kwesibatho.
- Ukuxhalaba.
- Iintlungu zentlungu.
- I-epiritidi yesifo.
- Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.
Amanyathelo okukhusela. Sebenzisa iehokethi ukuba ungathwali usulelo, uvale xa udibanisa okanye ukhwehlela isigulane nge-meningitis. Wonke umntu onyamekela isigulane kufuneka athethe nodokotela malunga nokukhusela okukhuselweyo kunye namayeza. Iigonya. Abantwana abanomdla wokuzikhusela okanye abanesifo esiyingozi (ngaphezulu kwama-10 amatyala ngabantu abayi-100 000) banokugonywa kwi-ejenti ye-Neisseria meningitidis (amaqela A, B, C, Y, W-135). Kukho iigcino zokulwa neHaemophilus influenzae kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya ezibangelwa i-meningitis. Unyango luxhomekeke kukuphi uhlobo lwezinto ezincinci ezibangelwa yi-meningitis, kodwa zihlala ziqhutywa ngokusisigxina. Ulwaphulo olukhethekileyo lwe-viral meningitis alukho, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo i-prognosis iyakuthandeka. Ugqirha uya kuqwalasela imbangela yesi sifo kwaye anike i-antibiotic efanelekileyo kakhulu, kunye nokucebisa amanyathelo okubuyisela okuqhelekileyo.
I-Reye's syndrome
I-Reye's syndrome ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (incephalopathy) kunye nesibindi, ehamba kunye nokushisa okukhulu kwaye kubangelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye inkukhu yenkukhu kubantwana abafumana i-acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). I-Reye's syndrome ayibonakali kubo bonke abantwana abanalo unyango, kodwa kunye nayo inokwenzeka yokuba i-Reye's syndrome yanda ngamaxesha angama-30. Kubantwana baluphi na ubudala, i-Reye's syndrome ibonakala iveki enye emva komkhuhlane, inkukhu yenkukhu okanye ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula. Inokuthi ihambisane nokuhlanza, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukonwaba okukhulu, i-delirium, ukulala, ukulahleka kwemisipha kunye nokuqonda, ngokukhawuleza kukhokelela ekudumeni kunye ne-coma, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo kuya kufa. Unyango luqhutyelwa ngamandla kakhulu, phantsi kweemeko zeemeko. Iqukethe ekutyunjweni kwe-serum kunye ne-salts kunye ne-glucose, kunye ne-cortisone ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvuvukala kwe-cerebral. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ukuba aqaphelisise ukuphefumula: kwezinye iimeko, abantwana badinga ukuphefumula izixhobo zokusebenza. Ama-80% wabantwana alula ngokulula kwi-syndrome, kodwa kwabanye kubungqina obubi kakhulu.
Poliomyelitis
Esi sifo kubangela intsholongwane (uhlobo lwe-poliovirus I, II kunye no-III) oluchaphazela iimpondo zangaphambili zentambo yomgogodla, amaphulo okuqala emisipha yeemoto ezinoxanduva lokudlulisa i-cerebral impulse kwiimisipha, ngaloo ndlela ixhobise indlela abasabela ngayo. Ukuba ezi zizathu zithuthi zivaliwe, i-device ye-motor does not receive stimulation, it works, it isrophies and collapses. Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zezifo zengqondo kubantwana.