I-Anesthesia yinto ebalulekileyo
Izibonakaliso ziyi-anesthesia jikelele okanye yendawo. Ngokubanzi i-anesthesia, okanye i-aneshesia, yindlela yokwenza i-anesthesia jikelele, apho isiguli singenayo ingqondo yentlungu kunye nokuqonda. Ukusetyenziswa kwamathambo kunye neentlobo ezingabonakaliyo ze-aneshesia. Ngokufuthwa kwe-anesthetics kwisimo segesi kuqaliswa kwinkqubo yokuphefumula kwaye kufaka igazi ngendlela efanayo ne-oxygen. Ngama-anesthesia angenayo i-anional, i-anesthetics ijojowe emzimbeni ngaphakathi okanye nge-intramuscularly. Kuzo zombini iimeko, usebenzo luqhubeka lubuhlungu.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kuyimfuneko ukususa iinyo, i-anesthesia ngokuqhelekileyo ayisebenzisekanga kwaye, ngokomthetho, esibhedlele. Izibonakaliso eziphambili zinyanzeliso ze-anesthetics zendawo kunye nokunyuka kweengqondo. I-anesthesia yendawo yindlela eyona nto yokunqanda i-anesthetize kwiizinyo. Kuboniswa kuwo onke amaxesha xa kwenziwa ukungenelela kwamazinyo kunye neentlungu zokuphendula. Ukungqinelana ngenye: ukunyamezela kwesigulane se-anesthetic yendawo.
Kwindlela yamazinyo, engekho injectable (isicelo) kunye neentsholongwane ezinjenge-anesthesia zendawo zisebenzisa. Ngokusebenzisa i-anesthesia, i-anesthetic isetyenziselwa kumgangatho weengxube, ezithintela i-receptors kunye neengxenye zokugcina zombindi we-nerval fibers ezikhoyo kwiifom. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwamanani amancinci: ukususwa kwezinyo zobisi zeselula, iifayiti ezinzima zamazinyo, izilonda ezincinci ezincinci kwi-mucosa yomlomo, kunye nezinye. Ukuba isigulane "sesaba" ukwesaba ukubethelwa kwi-gum, naye wanikwa ngaphambili i-anesthesia ye-anesthetic ngaphambi kokujova i-anesthesia.
Inestection anesthesia ijoliswe ekukhupheleleni ubuhlungu bentlungu yesayithi efanelekileyo ngokuzisa isisombululo se-anesthétic - a) kufuphi nemibhobho yesibindi yomhlaba kunye nokuphela kwayo (i-infiltration anesthesia); b) kufuphi nesithambo senzwa (i-anesthesia eqhubayo).
Kule ndlela ye-anesthesia resort:
• ukususwa kwamazinyo kunye namazinyo asisigxina;
• ukuchithwa kwamagqabi angaphantsi kunye nokuthobela;
• Ukususwa kwee-tumors ezincinci kunye neendlela ezifana ne-tumor (i-papilloma, i-fibroma, i-cyst yokugcina, njl.);
• unyango lwezonyango (i-suturing);
• ngexesha lamaplastiki emilomo nemilomo yomlomo;
• Xa unyanga amazinyo.
Kutheni i-anesthesia "ingasebenzi"?
Ngamanye amaxesha i-anesthesia ingenayo i-anesthesia epheleleyo. Oku kwenzekayo xa ugqirha wamazinyo ephoqelelwe ukuba enze utyando ngesigulane esinesifo esivuthayo samazinyo kunye / okanye imisonto. Inyaniso kukuba kwindawo engummangaliso yee-tissue ezivuthayo, umphumo we-anesthetics onjalo unobuthakathaka. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokunyuka kwegazi kwiimfucu ezivuthayo, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-anesthetic kwenzeka, okunciphisa ixesha lokuthatha isenzo kwaye kwandisa ubuthi.
Kwaye kwaphawula ukuba ukuhla kwe-anesthetic effect kwizigulane ezinezifo ezivuthayo zigqalwa kumlinganiselo omkhulu kunye ne-anesthesia yokungena.
Ukukhetha isicatshulwa soxolo
I-anesthetics yendawo ihlukaniswe yaba ngamaqela amabini aphezulu: i-ester - anesthesin, i-cocaine, i-novocaine, i-dicaine, njl.; i-amides-articaine, i-lidocaine, i-tri-mecaine, i-mepivacaine, i-bupivacaine idr. Ukwahlukahlukana phakathi kwamaqela kubandakanya, okokuqala, kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ze-biotransformation ze-anesthetics zendawo kunye nemiphumo emibi. Okwangoku, e-Russia, i-ester for injection i-anesthesia kwiamazinyo ayisetyenziswanga ngenxa yobunyofu obuphezulu. Kungekudala, oogqirha bamazinyo baye bakhankanywa kwingqalelo yamazinyo e-UI-tracain DS, i-Septanest 4% N, Ubiste-sin, i-Ultracain DS, i-Septanest 4% SP, i-Ubistein forte. Zisekelwe kwi-articaine - iqela le-anesthetic yendawo ye-amides kunye nesenzo esheshayo: i-anesthesia ivela kwi-0.5-3 imizuzu. I-Articaine ibekezeleke ngakumbi kune-lidocaine. Ukuziphendulela kwe-allergen kuyo kuyinto engavamile. Ukongezelela, i-articaine ayifaki ukungena kwinqanaba le-hematoplacental kwaye ngoko ke likhuselekile kakhulu kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
Okwangoku, ukusabela kokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zesigxina (RDTK) kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukucacisa ukuqonda komntu ngamnye kwi-anesthetic. Ukuphuma kwi-RDTC kuboniswe kwizigulane ezithandabuleyo zengqondo engaziwayo, ukunganyamezelanga kwezixhobo zonyango. Nge-anesthesia ye-injection, iingxaki zengingqi zinokwenzeka:
Ubuhlungu kunye nokutsha xa utsalwa. Ezi zisoloko zihlala zifutshane kwaye ziyakunqandwa. Isingeniso esilulayo sokuhlaziywa kwe-anesthetic yendawo sanda ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo yejoyi.
I-Pherehesia (i-anesthesia ehlalayo). Kubonakaliswa ngenguqu encinci kunye nokuncipha kobubele kwintsimi yokungenelelo. Uncedo alufunwa, luya kudlula iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Isivumelwano sokutshatyalaliswa kwe-post-injection. Ezi zithintelo ekuvulekeni komlomo kwiimilinganiselo ezihlukeneyo. Iyenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwenaliti yamascle ngexesha le-aneshesia eqhubayo kumhlathi osezantsi. Ingxaki ixazululwe emva kwenkqubo ye-physiotherapy.
- Imfundo ngehematomas. Njengomthetho, zisuswa zisetyenziselwa ibhanti yokucinezelwa kunye nokubandayo.
Njengoko ubona, i-anesthesia kwindlela yokusebenzisa amazinyo isetyenziswa namhlanje ngokubanzi. Izindlela ze-anesthesia zihlala ziphuculiswa, izidakamizwa ezintsha, ezisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo ziyadalwa. Kwaye ngoku oogqirha baphendula umbuzo othi "Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza ukuxutywa kwamazinyo ngokungenabuhlungu kuye nasiphi isigulane" - "ewe". Kwaye, nangona kunjalo, ingenangqiqo, kwaye ngokubanzi yonke i-anesthesia, i-anesthesia kwinyango yamazinyo ayisayi kubizwa. Ngako oko, ugqirha oza kunyanga isigulane "ukunganakwa" amazinyo, ukususa ukususwa okanye ezinye izinto ezibuhlungu, xa ugqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-anesthesia, unyanzelekile ukuba ucinge. Cinga ngendlela engcono yokukhusela isigulane ukuba ungakhathazeki kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi evela kwi-anesthesia.
KUBALULEKILE! I-aneshesia yendawo engqinelaniyo ngokunyuka komntu ngamnye kwintswelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-anesthesia yendawo kulo mzekelo kunokukhokelela kwingxaki enzima kakhulu - ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic, enokuthi yenzeke nawuphi na umdala. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyenzeka ngokulawulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-anesthetic, kodwa kukho iimeko zokuphendula okunjalo kwisilwanyana sokuqala sonyango.