Iingqungquthela eziphambili ze-endocrine zi:
- hypothalamus (kwingqondo);
- i-pituitary gland (kwingqondo);
- i-thyroid gland (ebusweni bentamo);
- i-pancreas (kwisigxina esiswini);
- izigulane ze-adrenal (kwiipalo eziphezulu zeentso);
- ii-ovari kunye neemvavanyo. Ndiyabulela umsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo weenkqubo ze-endocrine kunye neentlanzi, imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo igcinwa.
Ukungalingani kweHormonal
Ulawulo lomgangatho wama-hormone emzimbeni lwenziwa ngokomgaqo-mpendulo. Ekuphenduleni ukunciphisa kwinqanaba le-hormone, i-gland ejongene nemveliso yayo isebenze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa izinga le-hormone likhuphuka, umsebenzi wegland uyancipha. Amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi angama-hormone angaba yingozi kumzimba. Nayiphi na ukuphulwa kwe-hormonal balance can lead to the emergence of various pathological conditions, ukususela ekungabikho kokunyamezela. Ezinye iziphazamiso zenkqubo ye-endocrine kunzima ukuyixilonga, ngoko ke izigulane ezinokungalingani kokungalingani kwemimoya zihanjiswe kwi-endocrinologist ukuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo. Ukufumanisa isizathu esona sizathu sokuphulwa kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uchungechunge lwezifundo. Ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-gland, izinga le-hormone elivelisayo lilinganiswayo. Izimpawu zeklinikhi ngenxa yokungalingani kwamanye amazwe zingasebenza njengezalathisi ngqo zomsebenzi wegland. Emva kokuba imbangela yesifo ichongiwe, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokumiselwa.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeengxaki ze-endocrine:
• ukuveliswa kwemiphumo yehomoni;
• ukungakwazi kwamalungu okujolisa ukuphendula kwi-hormone ehambelanayo.
Izifo ze-Endocrine
Phakathi kwezifo ezidlulileyo ze-endocrine zi:
• I-diabetes mellitus - inxulumene nokuveliswa kwe-insulin okanye ukungahloniphi kwamathambo kuyo;
• isifo sikashukela esiyi-insipidus - sikhula ngemveliso enganeleyo ye-hormone vasopressin;
• i-hypothyroidism - ebonakaliswa yintswelo ye-hormone ye-thyroid; kubantu abadala kubonakaliswa ukusila kunye nokufumana ubunzima;
• i-thyrotoxicosis - inxulumene nokuveliswa ngokweqile kwamahomoni e-thyroid; iimpawu ziquka iintliziyo zentliziyo kunye nokuthuthumela (ukuthuthumela);
• I-Cushing's syndrome - ikhula nge-glucocorticoids (i-horrenone ye-adrenal); iimpawu ziquka ukukhuluphala nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi;
• I-Acromegaly kunye ne-gigantism - ziyabonwa, ngokukodwa, nge-tumor.
Uxinzelelo lwe-gland
Uxinzelelo (ukunyuka komsebenzi wegland) kungabonwa ngendlala yeethambo ezinobungqungquthela, ezihambelana nokuphulwa komgaqo-mpendulo. Kwezinye izifo ezizimeleyo, ukuphuhliswa kwee-antibodies ezithinta ingqungquthela ivela, ebonakaliswa yimfihlo ye-hormone. Imiphumo efana nayo ingakhokelela ekusulelekeni kwintsimbi. Ukuchonga ngokucacileyo ukuba isifo se-endocrine, ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, sinokuba nzima. Abaninzi babo babonakaliswe ngokuphuculwa kancinci kwaye belibazise ukubonakaliswa kweempawu ezithile.
Ukuphononongwa kweziphumo zophando
I-endocrinologist ihlola isigulane ukuze ichonge iingxaki ze-endocrine. Isifo sikashukela sikhatywayo sichazwa yimveliso engaphelelanga ye-insulin, ebangela ukugqithisa kwe-glucose egazini, ekhutshwa yizintso. Uhlalutyo lomchamo lunceda ukutyhila oku. Ubume beengxaki ze-endocrine uphando ngokusetyenziswa kwegazi. Kule meko, igazi lingafunyanwa lihluke kwizinga eliqhelekileyo lama hormone okanye ezinye izinto. Emva koko, uphando olongezelelweyo luqhutywa:
• uvavanyo lwegazi - ukufumana utshintsho kwiqondo lama hormone okanye ezinye izinto egazini. Kwezinye iimeko, iisampuli zithathwa ukukhuthaza okanye ukucima imveliso ye-hormone;
• uhlalutyo lomchamo - i-hormone ekhutshwe emzimbeni inokulinganiswa; isetyenziselwa ukufumana iingxaki zokuvelisa i-hormone;
• Uhlalutyo lofuzo - ukuchongwa kwezidalwa ze-DNA ezinokubangela izifo ze-endocrine, zingasetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuxilongwa;
• iindlela zokubonakalisa - uphando lwenziwe ukwenza umfanekiso wesigca; i-tomography echanekileyo ikwazisa ngokukodwa ukuxilongwa kwezicubu ezinokubangela ukungalingani kwe-hormonal;
• Iindlela ze-radionuclide - umfanekiso wesigca unokufunyanwa ngokuzisa i-isotop ekhethiweyo, evumela umntu ukuba ahlole umsebenzi wayo. Emva kokufumanisa imbangela yokuphazamiseka, i-endocrinologist imisela i-regimen yonyango efanelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lungafuneka ukuba lususe i-gland echaphazelekayo, kodwa i-antiretroviral drug prolonged. Isifo sikashukela sisinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zokuxhatshazwa komzimba kwaye zibonakaliswe ngunxuwa olungapheliyo kunye ne-polyuria (ukwandisa umthamo womchamo). I-thyroid gland iyona nto inoxanduva lokukhusela i-hormone ye-thyroid, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imetabolism. Ukuchithwa komsebenzi weli gland kuhambelana neengxaki zemethambo. I-pituitary gland isesiseko seengqondo. Ifihla inani lama hormone, kwaye lilawula ukuveliswa kwamahomoni ngezinye izilonda. Ukugqithiswa kwegciwane le-pituitary kuhamba kunye neenguqu eziphambili kwi-hormone, ezinokuba nemiphumo emide. Iingqungquthela ze-adrenal zifumaneka kwizibonda ezingaphezulu zezintso kwaye zinoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwamahomoni amaninzi. Ukutshintsha izinga labo egazini kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nesifo se-Addison okanye i-Cushing's syndrome.