Ukunyanga ngempumelelo kokukhwehlela kubantwana kwindawo yokuqala kubandakanya ukuqikelela izizathu zokubonakala kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhwehlela kusebenza njengesibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwintsholongwane ye-HIV (ARVI). Usulelo olunjalo lunokuchaphazela zombini umzila wokuphefumula (impumlo, nasopharynx, oropharynx), kunye nezantsi (imiphunga, i-bronchi, i-trachea, i-larynx). Kwakhona kubangela ukukhwehlela kunokutshaya kwamalungu e-ENT, afana neempumlo, pharynx, sinanas parasal, okanye ukwanda kweetoniyone (i-adenoids).
Isiqhamo sibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu esibhedlele somoya wesifo se-astonma, apho ukukhwehlela kunokulingana nokuhlaselwa kwesifo. Ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kokukhwehlela kunokusebenza njengomqondiso kumntwana ukuba avuselele umzimba wangaphandle kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, engasongela ubomi bakhe. Kule meko, kufuneka ufune ngokukhawuleza uncedo lwezokwelapha.
Izifo zendlela yokuphefumula ayisoloko ibangela ukukhwehlela. Ngokomzekelo, inokubonwa kubantwana abane-pathology tractinal tract okanye ngeentsilelo zentliziyo. Kwakhona, ukukhwehlela kungabangelwa yizinto ezinobungozi, kwiimeko ezithile zingabandakanywa emoyeni ngobuninzi (umsi wecuba, ukungcola kwegesi), okanye umoya omshushu kakhulu kunye noomileyo kwigumbi.
Ngaphantsi kancinci, ukukhwehlela kungabonakalisa okanye ingqondo yengqondo, oko kukuthi, inokubakho ukuvuvukala kwindlebe ephakathi okanye ukwakheka kweeplagi ezifakwe kwi-canal.
Ukhetho lwenyango lufanele lubekwe ngumoya wokukhwehlela kunye nomfanekiso wekliniki jikelele. I-Antitussives kufuneka imiselwe ngumntwana wezingane. Ukususela ngexesha lokukhwehlela umzimba uzama ukucima i-airways, ukulwa nesi sifo kunokukhokelela kwisifo esomeleleyo kunomzimba, oko kungabangela iingxaki. Ukusebenza kwonyango kukunceda umzimba womntwana ukucoca nokunciphisa uxinzelelo olujongene nalo.
Izidakamizwa ze-Antitussive zihlulwe zibe ziindidi zintathu: i-mucolytic (isebenze ukuphucula i-sputum), i-expectorant (ukuphucula ukukhwehlela) kunye ne-antitussives (ukukhulula ukukhwehlela, ukuchaphazela isikhungo sokukhwehlela kwinkqubo ye-nervous).
Ukunyanga komntwana ekukhwehleleni kufanele kwenzeke kwiimeko ezikhululekile kuye. Unokukhetha nayiphi na indlela yokonyango: ngoncedo lwezilwanyana zamachiza, imithi, izilwanyana zamalungu, okanye i-aromatherapy. Kule meko, unyango lunokuxhaswa kunye neenkqubo ezinjenge-inhalation, massage esifubeni, isardard, amathini.
Iziyobisi ze-Pharmacological zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezi zifo zilandelayo kubantwana:
izidakamizwa ze-mucolytic (Ambroxol, ATSTS, Bromheksin, Karbotsistein, Mesna) - i-bronchitis kunye ne-pneumonia;
- izidakamizwa ze-licorice, i-althaea ingcambu, i-Mukaltin, amaqabunga e-coltsfoot, iodidiyasidi ye-potassium, i-broncholitin, i-bicarbonate ye-sodium, amaqabunga e-plantain, i-Pertussin, i-Solutan, i-Chabrets, i-Tussin) - i-bronchitis ne-colds;
Iilungiselelo ezidibeneyo (Udokotela MOM, Kodelak fito) - ARVI, ARI, kubanda.
Ukuba ukukhwehlela kuyonakalisa kwaye kuyabuhlungu, kwaye izidakamizwa ezingentla zingenamandla, ziza kusetyenziswa izidakamizwa ezixhatshazayo: i-Ethylmorphine, i-Codeine, i-Glaucin, i-Dimemorfan (iziyobisi zonyango), i-Butamirate (izidakamizwa ezingekhoyo i-narcotic), i-Prenoxindiazine, i-Oxeladin.
KUBALULEKILE: akuvumelekile ukuba enze unyango ngezilwanyana ezinokukhuphaza kunye nezilwanyana ngexesha elifanayo, oku kunokubangela ukuzaliswa kwe-bronchi nge-sputum.