Ngendlela yokuphefumula, isikhumba, inkqubo yokugaya inyama, izinto ezinobuthi zingangena emzimbeni womntu.
Izinto ezinobuthi zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amathathu
Iqela eli-1 - izixhobo ezinobungozi: iibhokhwe zezilwanyana, i-gaseyi zetyhefu, iikhemikhali zemizi, iimveliso zezolimo, amakhowa kunye nezityalo, iibhokhwe zoshishino.
Iimveliso eziyingozi zeqela eli-2 : izityalo ezinobuthi, ezisemgangathweni. Utywala, iziyobisi.
Amaqela ama-3 anesimo esiyingozi: iifungi ezidliwayo, izityalo ezingezobutyhefu. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezingezobutyhefu zinokufumana utyhefu, ukuba imithetho yokupheka okanye yokugcina igxothwa, xa izityalo zikhula kwiindawo ezingcolileyo zonakaliso, ukuba ziphathwe ngendlela engafanelekanga ngepirtiki. Eli qela lingabandakanya iifungi, ezinokuqokelela izinto ezinobuthi.
Ingaphi na umntwana angenobuthi?
Ngendlela yokutya, ukuba uyamkela:
amajikijolo anobuthi kunye namakhowe,
- imifuno, izithelo, izityalo eziphathwe ngeinambuzane, kwaye zingasuswa ngokupheleleyo, ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe ukutya,
ukutya, ukutya okungahambi kakuhle okanye amanzi, njengokuba i-toxins ye-staploclocci ekudleni okungekho nto ayimelana nokunyanga,
- amayeza agcinwe kwindawo efikelelekayo kumntwana,
- izidakamizwa kunye notywala,
- iindlela zeekhemikhali zasemakhaya, umzekelo, ukuhlamba izitya, izichumisi, iinambuzane ezivela ezinambuzane kunye neentonga,
- iviniga engundoqo ekhishini, i-petroli kwigaraji,
- isichengisi esangena kubisi lonina, xa esondla umntwana,
- izimonyo - iikram, i-lipsticks, i-shampoos.
Ukuba umntwana uyangena ngephepha lokuphefumula:
- ukuphuma kwezityalo ezinetyhefu,
- i-solvents, iipende, i-varnishes, i-acetone, i-kerosene, i-petroli kunye nezinye izinto eziphumayo,
- Carbon monoxide.
Ngesikhumba, emva kokuqhagamshelana:
- amafutha okugcoba abantwana, ngokusetyenziswa kwawo,
idayi eyingozi,
- izichumisi, iindawo zoshishino kunye nezolimo.
Iimpawu zokuqala zesetyhefu
Ubuhlungu kwisisu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, oku akuyiyo impawu enyanzelisayo yokutyhefuza. Ukuba imbangela ye-malaise ityhefu, ke abazali abangenalo ulwazi olukhethekileyo kwaye musa ukukrokra ukuba yintoni isizathu sokugula kwengane yomntwana. Kufuneka ukwazi zonke iimpawu ezibangelwa utyhefu, ukwenzela ukuba phakathi kwezinye izifo kufuneka ukwazi ukubona ubuthi ngexesha kwaye uncede umntwana.
Ukutyhefuza ngamanzi asemgangathweni, ukutya okusemgangathweni kunokubonakalisa iimpawu: ukuhlanza, isicathulo, isifo sohudo ngaphandle kwegazi, intlungu yesisu, ukungavumi komntwana ukutya, ukunyaniseka, ubuthathaka.
Izimpawu ezinzulu zibonisa ukuba unobuthi obunobuthi:
- utshintsho, ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, ukubamba ukuphefumula,
- ukwanda kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi,
- i-pulse ebuthakathaka, ukuphulwa komdlalo wentliziyo,
- inhibition okanye umdlalo ogqithiseleyo,
- i-cyanosis kunye ne-pallor yolusu,
- ukuphulwa kolawulo lokuhamba,
- ukulahleka kwengqondo, iincampu,
- i-hallucinations, ukulala, ukuphazamiseka.
Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu
Ukuba kukho ukukrokrelwa kobutyhefu, oku kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo alandelayo:
- Biza i-ambulensi, emva kokuba i-brigade ikushiye, ungabonisana nodokotela,
- Umntwana ufuna ukubonelela ngesimo esihle, ukubeka kunye nokumjonga rhoqo phambi kokufika koogqirha.
- ukuba umntwana uyahlanza, kufuneka ukuba abekwe okanye aguqe ngamadolo, ulungele ukubeka i-pelvis, ukuze ukwazi ukucacisa i-toxins yokuhlanza.
- Ukuba umntwana engakwazi, kufuneka abekwe kwicala layo. Gquba umunwe wakho ngefoloki uze uhlambulule umlomo wemhlanzi, jonga i-nausea engaphazamisi ukuphefumla.
Zama ukufumana ukuba yintoni imbangela yokutyhefuza, ukuba umntwana angachaza, buze umntwana ngalo, hlolisise ubuso bakhe, iingubo, umzimba wokutshisa isikhumba, ubomvu, amabala kunye nocoko oluthile.
Hlola indawo eziyingozi zendlu yakho, igumbi lokugcina kunye neekhemikhali zasemakhaya, ikiti yokunceda yokuqala, izimonyo.
Qaphela umntwana, ngenxa yenguqu eyenzeka kunye naye, ngoko unokukwazi ukuseka izizathu zokutyhefuza.
Iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo zingenza iimpawu ezahlukileyo, kwaye ukuhlanza kunokwenzeka okanye kungabi.
Lindela ugqirha, kwaye ungenzi unyango. Ukuba i-ambulensi ayikwazi ukufika ngokukhawuleza, fowuna uze ufumane iingcebiso kwisifo sezobisi kunye nezingane, uze ulandele iingcebiso zabo.
Ukuba umntwana unetyhefu ngokutya
Ukuba umntwana uyazi, ngoko uncedo lokuqala luya kuhlamba isisu kunye nokusela okulandelayo. Iveliswa ngamaxesha ama-2 ukuya kuma-5.
Xa utyhefu lokutya, oluhamba kunye nohudo, ngokuhlanza okukhulu, kufuneka unike umntwana ukuba asele kulo lonke ugulo lwe "Regidron", isisombululo se-glucose saline. Ixesha lokwamukelwa kunye neeritha liya kugqitywa ngugqirha.
Ukutya kufuneka kufake isahluko somqulu oqhelekileyo, ukondla rhoqo, kodwa kwiindawo ezincinci. Ukutya kufuneka kube ngamanzi, i-puree, iizambane ezihlambulukileyo emanzini, i-cereal ekhangelekile, imifuno yemifuno, imifuno yemifuno, ngoko intlanzi kunye nenyama ephilileyo.
Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kuphela ngugqirha. Yaye ukuba umntwana wakho ehlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kwaye kungekhona nje uhudo, kufuneka udane ngokukhawuleza ugqirha ukuba angabandakanyi izifo eziyingozi kunye ne-appendicitis.
Ukuba umntwana unetyhefu ngezinto zamachiza
Ukuba utyhefu livela kwi-esophagus ngezinto ezinobungozi, musa ukuhlambalaza, ukuba umkhuhlane uphelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuya kubangela nzima ukuphefumula kwaye kubangele ukuba izicubu zitshise.
Udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi. Xa utyhefu kunye ne-alkalis okanye i-acids, unike umntwana ukuba aphuze i-oyile yemifuno: ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu kufuneka uphuze i-1 teaspoon, ukuya kwi-7 iminyaka-uphuze i-dessert spoon, kwaye ukuba umntwana uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-7, ke unike isipuni se-oyile yemifuno.
Ukuba utyhefu luyenzeka ngesikhumba. Kufuneka uthathe iingubo zakho kwaye uhlambe umzimba wakho ngamanzi afudumele kunye namanzi asepha.
Ukuba iliso linyama lichaphazelekayo, lihlanjwe ngesisombululo se teyi esilula kwi-syringe okanye ngamanzi afudumeleyo. Kufuneka uhlambe umlomo wakho, supha impumlo yakho, unike umlomo wakho omncinci kunye neempumlo kwi-swab ye-gauze ehambelana namanzi afudumele.
Ukuba umntwana ukhuphazwa ngumphunga ophuma kumanzi ukususa i-lacquer, i-acetone, i-carbon monoxide njalonjalo, kufuneka ithathwe okanye ithathelwe emoyeni omtsha, xa uguqula ingqalelo kunye nokubonakala komkhuhlane, kufuneka ufune i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba umntwana unetyhefu ngamabriji enetyhefu, amakhowa, izityalo
Udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi, ukufumana kumntwana oko wayidlayo, gcina i-restos, ukuba ikhona, ukuba i-toxicologists, izame ukuhlanza, uze unike i-enterosorbent.
Kwezinye izityalo ezinobuthi - i-cowworm okanye i-buttercup, akunakwenzeka ukuthintela, nangona kungabi kunuka, kubangela ukucasuka kweembrane ngaphambi kokutshisa, kwaye kunokudala imiphumo eyahlukileyo.
Ukuba umntwana uqokelele i-bouquet, wachaphazele amehlo okanye xa efuna ukutshiza isityalo, ijusi ephahlekile esikhumbeni, kufuneka usebenze njengokungcolisa i-chemicals. Ukutshisa kwi-hogwash kufuneka ihlanjwe, kwaye ihlambuluke kunye neziyobisi kwaye iintsuku eziliqela kufuneka ukhusele ulusu elangeni.
Ukuba umntwana unetyhefu ngeziyobisi
Olu hlobo lwesifo sobutyhefu luqhelekile kwiimpawu zetyhefu kwaye luyingozi kakhulu. Izidakamizwa zihlala zilibalekile, ziphantsi, zilahlekile, zikwindawo yoluntu. Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukufumana ukuba buninzi, kwaye yiyiphi imithi umntwana enetyhefu. Ngoko ke, xa usukrokrela ukuba umntwana unetyhefu ngamachiza, khawulaza oogqirha ngokukhawuleza, aze enze okuthile, kunye nezinye iintlobo zetyhefu. Qaphela umntwana, ngenxa yokuphefumula, ukuqonda, zama ukunyusa ukuhlanza, unike isiselo esininzi.
Xa kungenako ukukhuthaza ukuhlanza?
Musa ukuhlambalaza ngexesha lobutyhefu kunye nabahlambululi bezindlu zangasese, i-ammonia, i-bleach, i-acetic essence, i-acic eqinile, i-alkalis, ipolish yomshini okanye ifenitshala, i-turpentine, i-parafini, i-petroli.
Musa ukuhlanza ebantwini abangenalwazi, kwaye xa ungayazi nantoni malunga nokuba umntwana wakho unokuba nobuthi, kwaye akukho zibonakaliso ezibonisa isizathu esinokwenzeka. Kuzo zonke iimeko, uhlambuluko kufuneka lwenziwe ngabagqirha besebenzisa iprojekti engakwazi ukuphazamisa izinto ezinobungozi, ngoko ngokukhawuleza ubize i-ambulensi.
Yintoni ongayenziyo ngetyhefu
- Ungamniki unyango ngamantombazana ngaphandle kokumisela ugqirha, kunye neyeza. Ubuhlungu besisu abufanele banikezwe nge-painkillers. Mhlawumbi intlungu idibene nesifo esibalulekileyo njengesihlomelo. Ukususwa kwe-anesthesia kuya kubangela ukuba ixilongwe.
- Awukwazi ukupholisa okanye ukufudumala indawo enzima ngaphandle kokumisela ugqirha.
- Akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kweengcebiso zegqirha zokunika umntwana i-antidotes.
- Zibakele wena. Ukuba umntwana wakho unetyhefu ngezinto ezinobungozi okanye zeekhemikhali, ngoko kufuneka uzikhusele phambi kokumnceda, okuyiyo ivule iifestile, ufake iiglavu kunye njalo. Oku akusibonakaliso lokuzingca, kodwa ukunyamekela umntwana, ukuba uhlupheka, ngubani na oya kunceda umntwana?
Ukuba umntwana uhlanza, kutheni ubiza udokotela?
Ukutshabalalisa inani leetyhefu kuphela uphawu olusisiseko, kwaye kungekhona uphawu lokuba umzimba womntwana uphelile ubuthi. Ezinye iindawo ezinobungozi ezingabonakaliyo zingabonakalisa kakhulu emva kwexesha kwaye ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lawo elide lingabakho kwiiyure eziyi-15 ukuya kwi-20.
Ukuba ugqirha akayibizi iimpawu zokuqala, ke unyango aluyi kuqalwa ngexesha kwaye luya kufuna amanyathelo amade kwaye anzulu. Xa utyhefu kubhetele ukubiza udokotela kunokungenzi.
Shayela ugqirha xa:
- xa into engcolileyo ingaziwa,
- xa imeko yomntwana idlula,
- umntwana unesidumbu esinamandla,
- ukuphulwa kokuphefumula, utshintshe ubungakanani bokubafundi, utshintshe i-pulse, kukho ubuthathaka obunamandla,
- urhudo olunokudibanisa igazi,
- ubushushu bomzimba buyanda,
- Umntwana omncinci kakhulu.
KwiKhabhinethi yamayeza ekhaya kufuneka ukuba:
- "Regidron" okanye isisombululo se-glucose-saline,
- manganese,
- carbon,
- Smecta,
- amalungiselelo afana ne "Hilak kunye ne" Bactisubtil "- buyisela i-microstlora yamathumbu emva kwesifo.
Ukuthintela utyhefu
Awukwazi ukuhlala kuyo yonke indawo "umquba wokulala", kodwa ngamandla ethu ukunciphisa ubunobungozi bebuntwaneni. Yintoni oyifunayo ukwenza oku?
Ekhitshini
- Qaphela ngokunonophelo isiqhamo kunye nemifuno ngamanzi abilayo, okanye ukuwacima, ukugcina ukutya kwisiqandisini, ubukele impilo yeshefu yeemveliso, udle, upheke uphinde ugcine ukutya ngokuhambelana nemilinganiselo yobuthakathaka,
- ungadli iifatates "ezihlaza" kubantwana, iqukethe i-solanine, amakhowa ayanconywa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 okanye emihlanu ubudala, ungadli ukutya ngenxa yokugcinwa okungafanelekanga.
- ukungadli, kungekhona ukuqokelela, ukuba ungakhulisi ama-mushroom, amajikijolo, iziqhamo ezikhula kufuphi neendlela okanye kumhlaba ongenakunqandwa yi-pesticides,
- ungathengi iziqhamo, amajikijolo, ama-mushroom awenziwanga ngumbane,
- Abantwana abanakho ukutya okukhawuleza kwesitalato, ubuninzi babo bulungiselelwe ngaphandle kokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yecoceko, kufuneka udle ukutya kwindawo ephakamileyo. Xa ulala nendlala, thengisa iimveliso ezitywinwe ngokuqinile. Yaye nangona i-barretile ye-tshokoleta ayinakuncedo ngaphezu kwe-apula, kodwa i-apula engahlanjululwayo ingenza umonakalo omkhulu.
Ikhaya
- ukuba ube nefowuni yongxamiseko, isikhungo sezobisi, amayeza afanelekileyo.
- ukufundisa umntwana ukuba abize kwi-ambulensi, kunye nokufunda ifowuni kunye nedilesi,
ubambe umdlalo nabantwana ongenakuwuthabatha, zama. Ukufundisa ukuba awukwazi ukudlala esitolo, ikhemisi, isibhedlele, ukulungiswa ngeekhemikhali zasemakhaya, imishanguzo yabantu abadala, iipende, i-varnishes njalonjalo,
- gcina zonke izinto eziyingozi ngaphandle kokufikelela kubantwana, kungasemva kwemzuzu ukushiya abantwana bodwa kunye nezinto ezinjalo,
- thengisa imidlalo kunye neetyshi ezivela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo, ngoko kuya kuba neziqinisekiso ezingakumbi ukuba abayi kuba yingozi.
Ngaphandle
- musa ukushiya abantwana abangalindelekanga,
- Ukufunda nabantwana iintlobo zezityalo ezinobuthi nezingozi, ama-berries, amakhowe, ukufundisa abantwana ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuzama izityalo ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye kungcono ukuzizama emva kokuvunywa kwabadala.
Ngoku siyazi ukubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu kubantwana. Kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ungathembeli "mhlawumbi" kwaye ubuntwana beentombi zakho kunye noonyana baya kuhlala bezolile kwaye baphumelele.