Ukuba unentliziyo egulayo okanye isifo sikashukela, ngaphambi kokuba wenze iinkqubo zamazinyo nge-aneshesia, kufuneka udibane nodokotela. Iinkqubo ezenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo zithwala nzima umguli ngaphezu kwonyango ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Kodwa, ngelo xesha, i-anesthesia jikelele ingaba ngumthwalo omkhulu kumzimba. Kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu.
Ingingqi, ingingqi okanye jikelele?
I-anesthesia yendawo iyenziwa ngudokotela wamazinyo ngokufanelekileyo kwisiza sokusebenza. Injongo yalolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia kukuphazamisa intlungu enomxholo kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi kunye noncedo lwe-anesthetics yendawo. Oku kungena kuphazamisekile kwindawo ebuhlungu. Ingqondo ikhuba nje intlungu kwindawo yeethambo zeethambo. Ngexesha elifanayo uziva unxibelelwano, uziva kwaye uqonde konke okwenzekayo kuwe.
I-anesthesia yesiNgingqi idlalwa ngumntu onesi-anesthesiologist. I-anesthetic yasendaweni ijojowe kummandla, kude ngakumbi kwindawo yokucoca. Esikhundleni seentsholongwane okanye iigulane zamathambo isilwanyana sisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kumgca wesipelini. Olu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, umzekelo, ukuvinjwa kwemigulane kwinqanaba le-caesarean. Emva koko yonke into esezantsi yomzimba ilahlekelwa ngumzwelo, ngelixa umntu ehlala ekwazi ngokupheleleyo. Kwamazinyo, lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lusetshenziselwa ukuba lunqabile ukusetyenziswa, ngokukodwa kunye nokulimala okukhulu kwe-maxillofacial.
I-anesthesia jikelele yimeko epheleleyo yokungazi. Into esebenzayo inefuthe kwingqondo, ikhubaza ngokupheleleyo umonakalo kunye nomsebenzi wemoto. I-aneshesia enjalo inokunikezwa kuphela ngumntu oqeqeshiwe we-anesthesiologist kwaye kuphela kwiklinikhi ekhethekileyo. Ngokubanzi i-anesthesia ayifumanekanga isetyenziswa, kuphela xa kungekho ndlela yokuphuma.
I-blocker yebala
I-anesthesia yendawo yamazinyo yenziwa nge sicelo sesigulane. I-anesthesia jikelele ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko kunye nokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo. Udokotela wamazinyo unquma indlela ye-aneshesia, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenza kunye nempilo yesigulane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amazinyo asebenzisa i-anesthetics yendawo, ephazamisa ukuqhutyelwa kwentsholongwane kwindawo esebenzayo. Ngoko i-anesthetic enye yezinyo okanye iqela lamazinyo amaninzi, ngamanye amaxesha indawo enkulu - umzekelo, 1/4 kuwo onke amazinyo, kwenziwa. Isidakamizwa esona saziwa kakhulu yi-novocaine. Ilawulwa ngendlela ye-injections kunye neebhloko ezithintekayo kwiindawo ezisebenzayo. Akukho mngcipheko wokugqithisa ngokweqile ngenxa yexabiso elincinci elifunekayo ukufezekisa i-anesthesia. Enyanisweni, ukuphumelela kwesichengisi kushiya kakhulu into efunwayo. Ukongezelela, umphumo weziyobisi ngumntu ngamnye. Kwomnye umntu, unempembelelo engcono kakhulu, kodwa kumntu ongenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Izixhobo ze-anesthetics zendawo zendawo okanye i-esters zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa zinesakhiwo esincomekayo kwaye kunzima ukubala umthamo ofunwayo weziyobisi.
Injola iqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, imizuzu embalwa emva kwesicelo. Xa ucwangcisa unyango, udokotela wamazinyo unquma indawo apho i-anesthesia yenziwa khona. I-Anesthesia inecala elihle ekubeni awuve uvakalelwa ngethuba lokusebenza kunye nexesha elithile emva kokusebenza. Oku kubalulekile, umzekelo, xa ususa i-nerve kwizinyo, edla ngokubangela ukuba ubuhlungu obukhulu bubekwe phakathi kwezinyo.
Njengephupha
I-anesthesia jikelele ayenziwanga ngesicelo sesigulane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abaphela phantsi kwesi simo baza kuvumela udokotela wamazinyo ukuba enze nayiphi na inkqubo. Isizathu, ngokuqinisekileyo, sinoyiko lwawo wamazinyo. Olu hlobo lwe-anesthesia luhlala lwenziwa ngexesha lokusebenza kwintsebenzo yokuhlinzwa ophezulu. Le ndlela inommiselo, umzekelo, xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkolelo enkulu okanye enye ingenelelo yokungenelela.
Nge-anesthesia jikelele, ezininzi iziyobisi ezineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi zisetyenzisiweyo. Oku kuvumela isigulane ukuba silale ngaphandle kokuva intlungu, kuba kukho ukuhlaziya okupheleleyo kwemizimba. I-Chemically isicatshulwa esilula esinempembelelo enamandla i-nitrous oxide (N2O). Ezinye iziyobisi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kusetyenziswa kwi-anesthesia jikelele kunye neerbiturates (bangela ubuthongo), kunye neziyobisi kunye nezihlunu ze-muscle (ukuphelisa intlungu).
Uphando olwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele lufuna abasebenzi abaningana: i-anesthesiologist kunye nabahlengikazi. Izixhobo ze-Anesthesia (izixhobo zokulawula, iziyobisi ezininzi, kunye nezinye iimali ezongezelelweyo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho iingxaki ezingalindelekanga) kuyafuneka. Akunjalo rhoqo le nkqubo iqhutyelwa kwigumbi lokusebenza, ngamanye amaxesha kuphela kwisitulo samazinyo kwiofisi yamazinyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba luyintsebenzo enkulu enkundleni yokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo, utyando luyimfuneko.
Ngethuba lo msebenzi, phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele, kunye nangemva kokuhlinzwa, kukho ukubeka esweni isigxina kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesigulane (umzekelo, i-ECG, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuxiliswa kwe-oksijeni ye-carbon dioxide, ubunzulu be-anesthesia, ukulahleka kwegazi okunokwenzeka), umthamo wezilwanyana ezifunekayo kunye namanzi. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwi-anesthesia jikelele ziyizicabangela kunye nokuhlanza emva kokutyunjwa, okwenene, okwethutyana. Kwakhona, kukho utshintsho kwi-consciousness, ngendlela yokulinganisela, ixesha lokuphendula lingadibaniswa. Asimele sikhohlwe ukuba i-anesthesia yinkqubo yezokwelapha, kwaye kukho rhoqo umngcipheko weengxaki ezahlukeneyo.
Izimpendulo ezahlukeneyo kwi-anesthesia
Akunabo bonke abagulayo abafuna ukufumana i-anesthesia yamazinyo, umzekelo, xa uzalisa amazinyo. Unomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyamezela intlungu abayidingiyo nje. Kukho neemeko apho abantu bekhalaza ukuba i-anesthetics ayisebenzi kuzo. Bacinga ukuba iziyobisi zisetyenzisiweyo, nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, oku kuya kwenzeka, ngelanga-ukunyamezela ngokunyanisekileyo kwe-anesthesia yesigulane. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangelwa ukuvuvukala. Endaweni apho kugxininiswe ukuvuvukala, i-anesthetic yendawo ayisebenzi, leyo yiphumo le-pH elingaphantsi kwindawo evuliwe. Udokotela wamazinyo angadlulela indawo echanekileyo ejikeleze amazinyo, ukubonelela nge-anesthetic yendawo ejikelezileyo.
Kumele kugxininiswe ukuba zonke iimpendulo kwi-anesthesia zixhomekeke ekuthintweni komntu ngamnye. Ngamnye wethu uphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza. Isiphambili kunoma yiyiphi i-anesthesia yinyaniso yokungabikho kwentlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha umonakalo we-anesthetic uyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza emva kokusebenza, kwaye intlungu ivakalelwa ngamandla. Ukuba oku kwenzeka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokutyelela kwidokotela wamazinyo, ngexesha apho isigulane sagqithwa nge-anesthesia, kufuneka uthathe i-painkillers ukukhusela intlungu ekunyuseni. Ngokweengcali, ivakalelo lokuxhamla emva kokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo lisoloko lusesengqondweni. Abantu bayayithiya intlungu, ingakumbi amazinyo. Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Izigulane "ezizodwa" - abafazi abakhulelweyo nabantwana
Abafazi abakhulelweyo mabahlalutye ngokucophelela ukuba unyango lwamazinyo luyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukunxibelelana nabaphathi bezintlu. Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo unamakhelo emlonyeni wakhe, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi ukuze ususe. Emva kwakho konke, ubukho babo bungabangela ukusuleleka kwenkqubo, ingozi kakhulu kumntwana. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngamnye umfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka abe namazinyo ahlambulukileyo kwaye aphethwe, kwaye kungekhona nje ngokuba ama-abscess ayingozi. I-anesthetics yendawo ilawulwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo ngamanani amancinci ukuze bangalimazi umntwana. Kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuncinci. Umfazi okhulelwe udla ukunyamezela intlungu ekunyangeni kwamazinyo. Kodwa lukhuselekileyo kumntwana kunamaqondo aphakamileyo anesthetics.
Abantwana nabo bangabakwiqela "ezizodwa" izigulane, kuba besoloko besaba uhlobo olunye lwamazinyo. I-anesthesia yendawo kunye neyoqhelekileyo isetyenziswa rhoqo. Oku kusebenza nakwiingxaki zobisi kunye namazinyo asisigxina. Ukuba ngaba abantwana abangekho i-anesthetized, ngoko, kwiimeko ezininzi, udokotela wamazinyo akakwazi ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi. Kungcono ukuthabatha u-anesthesia kunokuba ubeke ingcinezelo kumntwana kwaye ulungele kuye uloyiko lokutyelela kwinyango yamazinyo ebomini. Xa kunesidingo se-anesthesia jikelele, kwizinyobisi zamazinyo zezingane ze-anesthesia zihlala zisebenzisa iipilisi zokulala, zijojowe ngokuthe ngqo okanye zifakwe nge-inhalation. Kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-anesthesia ifakwe kwi-vein (ngoku oku qalisa umsebenzi we-anesthesiologist kubantu abadala).
Ukuqapha
Njalo, ngaphambi kokuba wenze inkqubo phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele okanye yengingqi, kufuneka wenze iimvavanyo zelabhoratri. Ukuba unayo isifo ngaphambi kokuba uye kwidokotela wamazinyo, kufuneka udibane nodokotela wakho. Inendima ebalulekileyo apha idlalwa yimeko yezempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ziyimfuneko phambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-anesthesia. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaneengxaki zeentliziyo kufuneka baphumelele i-electrocardiogram. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amazinyo kufuneka ahlole i-blood coagulation system, kuba abanye abantu banokuphuma ngegazi elikhulu emva kokuphuma kwezinyo. Ayifaki ingozi yempilo, kodwa inokubangela inkqubo yokubuyiswa emva kokuhlinzwa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba isiguli asinayo i-anesthetics yendawo, nangona iyingqayizivele. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantu abathile baneempawu ezingachazwa njengezityalo. Kwakhona, ezi mpaxa ngamanye amaxesha ziba ziphazamiso, ezifana nokunambitha, umbono okanye ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo.
Njengoko kumachiza ngokubanzi, njengoko uyazi, izinto ziyakwenzeka, kwaye kumazinyo wamazinyo-anesthetists kufuneka alungele nantoni na. Iofisi nganye yamazinyo kufuneka ixhotywe nayo yonke into efunekayo xa kwenzeka imeko yokuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izilwanyana ezinobuninzi zisetyenzisiwe kumazinyo, i-anesthesia iya kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemiphumo kwaye iza kuba nefuthe elifanelekileyo. Emva kwakho konke, inzuzo yakhe enkulu kukungabikho kwentlungu.