I-Glutamate sodium, iimiphumo ezibi ezingakacaciswa ngokupheleleyo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni iimveliso ezininzi kwi-series yokutya okukhawulezayo ("ukutya okukhawulezayo") zinomdla ongaqhelekanga? Sithenga ii-chips, i-croutons, i-noodle, iisobho kunye kunye nokucinga ukuba indlela yokutya inyama idalwa ngayo kwimveliso ngaphandle kwegrama yenyama. Sithanda imveliso yokutya ngokukhawuleza kunye nekhono lebhekoni, ham, i-paprika, i-anyanisi ecocekileyo ngekhilimu omuncu, i-salmon, ishizi kunye ne-caviar emnyama ... Ziyamnandi kwaye zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Omnye unokuqonda xa abantu abanokuphelelwa kwexesha bathenge ukutya okukhawulezayo. Kodwa thina, abantu abadala, abaphambuki ekutshintsheni isidlo esipheleleyo kunye neesibini zomtya we-chips okanye ezikhawuleza ukuphuza isobho esivela kwikhobe yephepha nangona sisekhaya. Okona ngakumbi kunabo bonke, sondla abantwana bethu.
Yintoni i-glutamate sodium?
I-glutamate sodium yi-additive food item production. It isetyenziswe ngokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yokutya okusemathinini kwaye igxininisa, ukulungiswa kwemveliso yokutya, yongeza i-glutamate ye-sodium kunye nokutya okulungiselelwe. Ukuba nesakhiwo se-crystalline, i-sodium glutamate iphele kakuhle emanzini. Isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukunambitheka kunye nokuvumba kwemveliso yenyama, ukunciphisa i-aftertaste enosawoti kunye nobunzima.
Ngokutsho kwegama elithi "Encyclopaedic dictionary of terms", i-glutamate ye-sodium iyinyuwa ye-monosodium ye-glutamic acid, isetyenziswe ukuphucula ukunambitheka kokutya okusemathinini, inyama igxininisa, inyama kunye njalo. Ukuba kuthathwa ubuninzi obukhulu, ubuthathaka, isisulu, isisu, isisu somzimba, ukuvutha okungahambi kakuhle kwimeko yesisu kuya kuqatshelwa. Njengoko sibona, imiphumo emibi ekusebenziseni i-sodium glutamate iqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi.
Yenza i-glutamate sodium ukusuka ku-glutamic acid, eyinxalenye yeeprotheni ezininzi. Kodwa kwimveliso yemvelo kwifomu yamahhala ayinqabile kwaye yodwa kwimali embalwa. Ngokugcinwa ixesha elide, ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yemvelaphi yezilwanyana, ukuxinwa kwe-glutamic acid kunciphisa. Yaye kunye nayo, iphunga nelinambitha yenyama yancitshiswa. Yingakho ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yokutya, i-sodium glutamate ifakwa kwi-sausages kunye nokutya okusemathinini. Kwaye ukuba ukutya akukwaneli kwimveliso yenyama kunye nabaninzi abavelisi abangathembekiyo, bathathe indawo, umzekelo, i-soy-ke i-glutamate ye-sodium ingenakwenzeka! Siyabulela kwi-sodium glutamate ukuba isobhoji soysi izuza inyama yenyama kunye nephunga.
Ngaphandle, i-glutamate ye-sodium ifana neshukela kunye netyuwa. Kodwa unomdla ohlukileyo. AmaJapane abiza ngokuthi "umami", kumazwe aseNtshona abizwa ngokuthi "unonophelo" - unjenge-broth-like. I-Glutamate, ngokuthandwa kwayo, isibe yinkosi yangempela yokuhlaziya. Kwimveliso yokutya namhlanje, inokukhuphisana, mhlawumbi, kuphela ngetafile zetyuwa.
Imiphumo emibi ye-glutamate ye-sodium
Ngomculo obuthakathaka wobomi bwanamhlanje, "ukutya okukhawulezayo" kuye kwathatha ingcambu ngokukhawuleza, kusinika ixesha elongezelelweyo lokusebenza kunye neminye imiba ecinezelayo. Kodwa ihlabathi leNtshona lalingowokuqala ukuvakala i-alamu: ukutya okukhawulezileyo yenye yezona zinto ezibangela ukondla ngokweqile kunye nokuzuza ubunzima. Indoda ekhulileyo e-America yayithatha izikhali ngokumelene neMcdonald's, ifuna ukuba iindawo zokutyela zokutya ezikhawulezayo zisuswe "ebusweni" belizwe labo. Ewe, "uMcdonald" uya kutshabalala - ngaba kukho utshintsho olukhulu ukuba umkhwa wezigidi ukutya "ukutya okukhawulezayo" okunonophelo kunye nokwanelisayo kuye kwaqineka? Ukutya okuboniswayo kuphuka kuwo kwaye kubini apha. Ukutya okufakwe kwi-glutamate ye-sodium, kwahlala iindawo zethu zokutya zasekhaya kunye ne-hypermarkets, zihlala kwiivenkile ezincinci endleleni yethu yemihla ngemihla nakwiimarike ezingenammandla.
Kodwa ngaba uke wacinga malunga nokuba le nzwakazi enhle ivela kukutya okukhawuleza? Impendulo ilula: izibonelelo zokutya, kunye neyokuqala kwazo zonke - i-glutamate ye-sodium. Oogqirha bathi ngokugqithisileyo i-glutamate sodium yenza thina bulimans. Oko kukuthi - ukutya ukutya. Jonga kwiindawo ze-intanethi zokutya, vula umyalelo "wokukhangela" ngenjongo ephambili ye "sodium glutamate" - funda izinto ezininzi!
Iingxowa ezikhanyayo kunye ne-bouillon cubes kunye nexesha lokutya livame ukuhlotswa ngeebhedi zeentyatyambo. Bangela ubudlelwane kunye nokutya okunomsoco kwaye okunempilo. Enyanisweni, amaninzi ama-condiments ayenobumba bokutya kwemithi kunye nokudibanisa imifuno yemvelo kunye neziqholo. Kwaye akunjalo ukuba kuya kuba nemveliso engokwemvelo! Ukongeza kwi-chemistry, phantse ubuqingatha ubunzima beekhabhi kunye nexesha lexesha eliphekiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, uhenyuzo luya kutyutywa kwaye lugqweswe ". Kodwa isabelo semifuno esomileyo asibonwanga ngokwaso, kodwa sisisigxina sonke. Ngelo xesha, inqununu yabo yincinci ingaphantsi kweso sawoti. Into yesithathu yezinto ezininzi zonona, i-broth kunye ne-concentrates yilezi zongezi: inosinate kunye ne-glutamate ye-sodium. Banikela ngcamango yokutya okulungiselelweyo, kungekhona imifuno nemifuno. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-taste enhancerers ayongezwa ngaphantsi kwemifuno kunye nemifuno eyomileyo. Abavelisi benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze benze inzuzo yabo ngenzuzo kwimpilo yethu.
Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i-broths yinto enhle kakhulu kwaye isondlo esondlo. Ziqukethe iiminerali kunye nezinye izinto ezincedo. Ngokukodwa kakhulu kumhluzi wemvelo we-gelatin, equkethe i-collagen. I-Collagen ngumqambi wendalo wemisipha yomzimba, isikhumba, iinwele, iindonga zemithambo yegazi. "Umhluzi omuhle uvuselela abafileyo" - ufunda isaga sesiLatini. Kodwa ngaba lo mhlu sivela kwiibhloko ezomileyo, ngoko umele umbala kwiimbali zentengiso zemihla ngemihla? I-sauces kunye neesobho eziveliswa ngoshishino ziqulethe izithako ezenziwayo ezinika intlanzi okanye i-flavour meat. Ukususela ekusebenziseni izityalo zemvelo zibiza kakhulu kumenzi.
Amanqanaba omzimba we-glutamate ye-sodium avumela ukuba ishishini lokutya lilondoloze kuma-mushroom, inkukhu, inyama kunye neminye imikhiqizo yemvelo. Emva koko, loo mveliso inokufakwa endaweni yendawo epheleleyo yenyama inyama encinci yefayili yenyama okanye i-extract. Kwaye ukuze uvuselele ukuvakalelwa kwesitya sokutya, kwanele ukonkcenkceshela iimveliso kunye ne-pinch ye-glutamate ye-sodium.
Yintoni engalunganga ngayo?
Ngokuqinisekileyo lo mbuzo uya kubuzwa ngabafundi abaninzi. Okokuqala, asindisi nje kuphela ukutya kwamashishini, kodwa kunye nabathengi. Imveliso yokutya yemvelo ayinancinci, akwanele kwintsapho nganye ukupheka ngoku. Okwesibini, kuthatha ixesha elide ukulungiselela ukutya "kwangempela"! Kuyavela, "inkohliso inokuhlonipha". Hayi, oku kukukhohlisa. Ngokutya okukhawulezileyo, asifumani okwaneleyo amino acid kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kumzimba oqulethwe kwimveliso yemvelo. Endaweni yoko, sidla iqondo elifanelekileyo le-glutamate ye-sodium, leyo, njengoko ikhankanywe ngentla, isenza sibe yi-bulimans.
Ngethuba eliphakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, izazinzulu zifumanisa indlela i-glutamate ye-sodium inceda ngayo ukuvelisa i-smells kunye nezinto ezithandayo ezifana nokutya kwendalo. Umntu ngolwimi unamkeleki athatha i-acid ye-glutamic - eyona nto "ipetroli" ephezulu yengqondo. I-Glutamic acid ikhulisa i-intelligence, iyakhathazeka nokudandatheka kwaye inciphise ukukhathala. Kodwa oku kusebenza kwi-asidi yemvelo. Izifunyenwe ezifanayo zithatha inzondelelo kwi-sodium glutamate, oko kukuthi, ityhuna ye-monosodium yetshe ye-glutamic acid.
Esi songezelelo savela eMpuma. Kwesinye ielabhuthi zaseJapan ezikhokelwa yi-Kikunai Ikeda, ngo-1908 i-glosamate yokuqala ye-monosodium yehlabathi yafunyanwa. Yomeleza iphunga kunye nokutya kwenyama. Kwaye ngo-1947 kwavakaliswa kwihlabathi lonke ukuba izivumba ezininzi zendalo zingenakwenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kweendonga zeelabhu. Kule nto sinokuqiniseka namhlanje.
Phakathi kwee-70, iziphepho ezinzulu zavela nge-glutamate ye-sodium. Kwimiba eninzi le nto yayingenxa yokuthandwa kunye nokuphuhliswa okubanzi kwenethiwekhi yeChina yaseNtshona. Kungekudala, oko kuthiwa "i-Chinese restaurant syndrome" yaqaphela kwaye ichazwa. Lo ngumphumo ongathandekiyo wecaladi glutamate. Iindwendwe ezininzi kule ndawo yokutyela (kunye ne-Chinese zabegalovok), emva kokutya okutshatyalaliswa kwintshona, kungekudala zafumana ukutshisa kwamaza atshisayo entloko, yaqala ukuthukuma yazama. Abantu ngokukhethekileyo banokuze bahlakulele ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma sokuxhatshazwa. Esi siphumo secala sasisizathu sokuqhubela phambili ukufundwa kwesi sondlo sokutya. Kwaye kwavela ukuba i-glutamate ye-sodium inokubangela ukuba kubekho intloko. Ukongeza, ivimba iodine emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, ngokusilela kwe-iodine, izifo ezihlukahlukeneyo zingazibonakalisa. Kubandakanya ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukufumana ubunzima, ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba.
I-glutamate sodium ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekhishini elisempuma. KwiThailand, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphakathi kufinyelela kwi-3 grams ngosuku ngomntu ngamnye. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho zokupheka zesiTshayina zeitya azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kweli candelo.
Ukhumbule ukufundelwa kwe-American neurophysiologist uJohn Olney, eyenziwa ngo-1957. Wafumanisa ukuba i-glutamate ye-sodium ingabangela ukulimala kwengqondo kwiisundu. Emva koko, i-glutamate yaqala ukukrokra ukuba kwenzeke izifo ezininzi-ukusuka kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kwi-Alzheimer's. Abagxeki bezona zinto ezixhamla phambili "zokupheka komzimba" baxutywa ngeentsimbi: i-monosodium glutamate efunyenwe ngobunono iyinxuwa evuselela inkqubo ye-nervous. Yiyo imbangela yokuxhatshazwa kweeseli zengqondo, inokubangela ukuba umonakalo ongenakunqunyulwa kwiinkqubo zesantya kunye nengqondo ekhulayo yomntwana. Kwiminyaka emininzi ye-glutamate sodium yayifundwa ngokucokisekileyo. Uninzi lwazo lwamangalo lwaye lwalahlwa kwaye ukongezwa kokutya kubhekwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona "i-Chinese restaurant syndrome" kunye nefuthe elibi kwi-asthma, izazinzulu kufuneka zivume. Kodwa ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zeenkampani, ishishini lalisongela.
Iingcebiso
Namhlanje, i-glutamate ye-sodium isemthethweni. Okokuthi, kuvunyelwe ukuba basebenzise njengesongezo sokutya kwaye ibonakaliswe yikhowudi Е 621 (kwiimveliso zangaphandle-MSG). Kukholelwa ukuba xa isetyenziswe kwimida efanelekileyo, i-glutamate sodium ayiyi kubuhlungu nabani na. Umthamo wemihla yabantu abadala akufanele udlule ngaphezu kwe-1.5 grams, kubantwana abaselula - 0.5 grams. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ngokubanzi akufanele batye ukutya okuqukethe i-glutamate sodium. Ngokubanzi, iqulethe namhlanje, ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, i-75-95% yemveliso eyenziwe ngokutya eyenziwe ngokulungelelanisiweyo okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.
Masibhale. Kucacile ukuba, kwimbali yesinye sezixhobo zokutya esasetyenziswa kakhulu, ingongoma isetyenziswe. Kodwa ulwazi olukhoyo lufanele lusilumkele kwaye lukhuthaze ukuba sitshintshe ukutya kunye nokugcina indlu. Sithwaliswa kakhulu yilungiselelo lamakhishi ethu! Ifenitshala enhle, ephazamisayo, kunye neentlobo zeetyiti ze-bloat, ii-ovens, zonke iindidi zombane zombane. Ziye zenzelwe ukulungiselela nokukhawulezisa ukulungiselela ukutya okumnandi nokutya. Kwaye ngoku iitya! Kodwa ngaba sihlala sisisebenzisa zonke ezi zinto zidibeneyo, abaxubezeli, abaxube, ama-juicers, i-electron-knives? Hayi, asiyi kuvula isitofu yonke imihla - amanzi abilayo kwi-kettle kagesi, into yokufudumala-kwi-microwave, yonke ukutya - ukusuka kwiphakheji ngokukhawuleza etafileni.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kokutya okukhawulezayo kunye nemveliso eqingqiweyo, namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba sikwazi ukulawula. Kodwa akujoliswe kuyo yonke imihla! Nama-sausage okuphekiweyo, i-sausages, abafayo bacebisa ukuba bangadli rhoqo. Ukongeza kwizinto zokuvelisa izityalo kunye nokuvumba, nazo ziqulethe amaninzi amanqatha. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yempilo yabo kunye nempilo yabantwana babo kufuneka zilungiselelwe ngokwethu! I-borscht ebilisiwe, i-porridges, i-cutlets, i-omelets, i-chops, intlanzi kunye nee saladi ezitsha. Khumbula ukuba kwimeko ye-glutamate ye-sodium, imiphumo emibi ingaboniswa njengemiphumo emibi.