Njengoko uyazi, amazinyo omntu anxeshana (ubisi) kwaye unaphakade. Ukuzaliswa kwesisu, kufuneka sibe ne-20 yobisi kunye namazinyo angama-32 asisigxina. Inkqubo yokukhupha amazinyo okwethutyana kuqala kwixesha leenyanga ezi-6 kwaye iphelela kwiminyaka eyi-2.5-3. Ukutshintsha kwamazinyo obisi kumazinyo asisigxina kuvela kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya ku-12-14. Ngesizathu esithile, baninzi ngokuphosakeleyo babiza amazinyo asisigxina ingcambu. Enyanisweni, kukho iingcambu kwimiba yesikhashana neyesigxina. Ngokulula ngexesha lokutshintsha, iingcambu zamazinyo omntwana zivame ukuhlaziywa. Kwaye xa ususa, kubonakala ngathi abakho. Kwakhona kuthiwa amazinyo asesigxina abizwa ngokuba ngumgubo, kuba kuphela ngexesha lokufumaneka kwawo kubalulekile ukuba umntu adle ubisi. Ngokwezinye iinguqulelo, amazinyo omntwana okwethutyana atyiswa kubisi lomama.
Into ethile malunga namazinyo omntwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amazinyo omntwana asuswa kuphela ngenxa yokuguqulwa komzimba. Ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo okwethutyana kwezinye izizathu kuthiwa kusengaphambili. Ukususwa kwangaphambili kwamazinyo obisi akudluli ngaphandle. Iingxaki emva kokuba ususwe amazinyo obisi zingabi kakhulu - i-arch arch iyanciphisa, amazinyo asisigxina aqhutyelwa kwindawo yobisi obususiweyo, ungangeni kulo, uhlala kwindawo engafanelekanga. Ngoko ke, amazinyo angapheliyo analo igama elimele lihlale ixesha lokuphila. Ukususwa kwangaphambi kokususwa kwamanzi kunye namazinyo asisigxina kulungelelaniswa kuphela nezibonakaliso ze-orthodontic. Umzekelo, ukulungisa ukuluma. Ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo kwezinye izizathu kukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, iphoso lekosi yabo.
Ngokutsho koogqirha, kwi-25% -50% yamatyala, amazinyo okubisi ayasuswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Okuncinci kubantwana kwiidolophu ezinkulu, ngaphezulu kubantwana abasemaziko ommandla. Kwimeko ezininzi (ama-80% -98%) amazinyo asesigxina asuswa ngenxa yezinto ezilukhuni. Oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba amazinyo aphethwe ngaphambili malunga nokucima iinkqubo ezixakile zisuswa kangangoko kunamazinyo angaphatanga. Amazinyo angapheli kubantwana athatyiswa rhoqo ngama-orthodontic indications.
Kutheni silahlekelwa ngamazinyo?
Zonke izibonakaliso zokususwa kwamazinyo zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo (ngokungathandabuzekiyo) kunye nezihlobo. Ngaphambi kokusesikweni, amazinyo omntwana asuswe: kwiinkonzo ezinzima (periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis), ngokwemiqondiso ye-orthodontic, ngenxa yexinzelelo (ukuphuka, ukuchithwa). Amazinyo angapheliyo asuswe: ngenxa yezigulane ezilukhuni, izifo ze-periodontal (izicubu ezithatha izinyo), izibonakaliso ze-orthodontic, ngenxa yexinzelelo. Iimbangela eziphambili zokukhutshwa kwezinyo kubantu abadala zilandelayo: izicwangciso ezinzima kunye nesifo se-periodontal. Izibalo ezidakisayo zibonisa isidingo sokuphucula ukucoceka ngomlomo, unyango lwamazinyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuziphatha, ngenjongo yokuthintela isifo se-periodontal, ukucoceka ngomlomo ngomsebenzi.
Ukukhutshwa kwamazinyo kunye neengxaki
Ngoku makhe sithethe malunga nokususwa kwezinyo. Ngaphantsi komsebenzi wokukhutshwa kwezinyo kuyaqondwa isixa semiphumo eveliswe ngokulandelelana okuthile, ngenxa yeso sizinyo okanye ingcambu yaso esuswa kwisiseko. Ngale ndlela yokungenelela, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kwexesha, kukho kwakhona ukuphakama kokungena kumngxuma, okuyimfuneko yokususa iingcambu eziphambene nayo.
Emva kokuphuma kwezinyo, iingxaki ezithile zenzeka. Kukho utshintsho lomzimba kungekuphela kweso senkqubo ye-alveolar, apho inyokhwe ikhona, kodwa nakwiindawo zamazinyo angomakhelwane. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo utyando lomhlathi olwahlukileyo. Ukongezelela, kukho ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokuhlafuna. Konke oku kungenxa yokuba emva kokutsalwa kwezinyo, kukho i-atrophy yamathambo esithambo kwindawo yayo. Kanye nokufuduka kwamazinyo angomakhelwane ngokubhekiselele kwizinyo ezingekho, okukhokelela ekuphazamiseni oxhumana nabo phakathi kwabo. Umlinganiselo wale mazinyo kumazinyo omhlathi olwahlukileyo uphazamiseka, kwaye ukunyakaza okubonakalayo kuya kwenzeka. Yaye ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwezinyo enye akuchaphazeli kakhulu umsebenzi wokuhlafuna, ngoko kususwa kwamazinyo amaninzi kunciphise umgangatho wokutya.
Kubalulekile ekulahlekelweni kwamanye amazinyo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambili, nemiphumo yokuziqhenqa. Kwaye kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi. Oku kukhokelela kwiimfuno zonyango. Kodwa simele si khumbule ukuba akukho denture ebeka ngokugcwele indawo yezinyo.
Omnye kufuneka aphinde acinge ngemiphumo ephakamileyo xa kususwa ngokungenakuzelelwa kwezinyo ezigulayo ezichaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yesifo. Inyaniso kukuba ukugcinwa kwazo kwizifo ezithile (i-osteomyelitis, iphlegmon) ekuphuhliseni izicubu ezijikelezayo, kunokukhokelela kwiinkathazo ezinzulu, ukufikelela kwisiphumo esibulalayo (izibonakaliso ngokupheleleyo zokususa). Zonke ezi ngasentla zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwecinywe ngamazinyo kungenelelo olunzulu lwamazinyo. Kufuneka kuqhutywe ingqalelo yonke imiphumo emihle kunye nemiphumo emibi, ngokubhekiselele kwizibonakaliso ezinonophelo zezokwelapha, ezimiselwe ngudokotela wamazinyo.
Ngokukhawulezileyo okanye ecwangcisiweyo?
Ukukhutshwa kwamazinyo kungenziwa ngendlela engxamisekileyo kunye necetywayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko epheleleyo yesigulane, umsebenzi uyenziwa kwikliniki okanye esibhedlele. Kucacile ukuba utyando oluphuthumayo lwenziwa kwiimeko apho ukulibaziseka ekufeni kufana. Kwaye ke, akukho zichaso kuye. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokususwa kwamazinyo okucetywayo kunesiqhelo kwaye kunokubanzi kunye nendawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo: izifo zegazi, inkqubo yesantya ephakathi, izifo ezithintekayo, izifo zamalungu e-parenchymal, inkqubo ye-cardiovascular in the stage of exaceration. Ingingqi: iinkqubo zokuvuvukala kwi-pharynx kunye nasentanyeni yomlomo (intliziyo emlonyeni, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, isifo se-stomatitis), izicubu (ikakhulukazi i-etiology).
Abanye bacinga ukuba kungqinelana nokukhutshwa kwezinyo zentamo - ngokuphathelele ukukhulelwa kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziweyo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukususwa kwezinyo akuchaphazeli kakubi ukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwezinyo yithuba ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwinyanga yesi-7 yokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesigqirha sokubeletha-isifo somzimba.
Musa ukukhuphela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinyo nokuncelisa. Ngelo xesha, xa uceba ukukhulelwa, kuyimfuneko ukucoca umlomo ngomlomo. Oko kukuthi, philisa okanye ususe amazinyo engxaki. Ukususwa kwezinyo ngexesha lokuya esikhathini, kufuneka, ukuba akukho nto ibonakalisa ukungenelela ngongxamiseko, ihlehliselwe iintsuku eziliqela. Oku kubangelwa ukuphuma kwamanzi amaninzi ukusuka kwisiseko senyosi esusiweyo. Ngezifo zegazi (i-hemophilia, thrombopenia, i-leukemia) kunye nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo kwisigaba esichukumisayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ukungenelela esibhedlele. Ukuba akukho zibonakaliso zongenelelo oluphuthumayo, oogqirha baqhuba unyango lokuqala lonyango ngexesha elithile. Ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane emlonyeni kunye nasopharynx, ukukhutshwa kwezinyo kufuneka kuhlehliselwe ekupheleni kwesi sifo, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Iingcebiso eziNcedo
Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu emva kokuphuma kwezinyo, laphula ezi ngcebiso:
- Ukususa amazinyo ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo kulunge ekuseni.
- Ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo kokuhlinzwa akufuneki kumntu onempilo. Kufuneka kuphela ukulungelelanisa ngengqondo ukwenzela ukungenelela ngoncedo lwexesha elide. Emva koko, amazinyo ahlala esuswe ngexesha elifanayo. Lungiselela umva we-crunching, isandi sokuqhekeka kwe-mucosal, ukuziva uxinzelelo kwizinyo njalo njalo.
- Ngaphambi kokususa iinyo, kucetyiswa, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuba uphumle kakuhle. Awukwazi ukulala nendlala, ngenxa yokukhathala okomeleleyo kwindlala kunye nokulamba kwindlala ekuphuhliseni ukuphazamiseka, ukuwa kunye nokuthuthumela.
- Ngenxa yokungalingani kwengqondo, kuboniswa (kwimiyalelo yesigqirha) sebenzisa iintsuku eziliqela ngaphambi kokususwa kweziyobisi ezihambelanayo (iibromide kunye neerbiturates).
- Ukuphuma kwintsholongwane okwenzekayo ngenxa yokuphuka kweempahla zegum kwisigxina sezinyo kunye ne-periodontium ngokuvame ukuyeka emva kwemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemihlanu emva kokuphuma kwezinyo. Ngalesi sikhathi emlonyeni womngxuma ubeke ibhola ye-gauze.
- Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, isiseko senyosi esusiweyo igcwele i-clot yegazi, ekhuselekileyo ukungena kwintsholongwane kuyo. Ukuze ungahlamba i-clot yegazi, supha umlomo wakho emva kokukhishwa kwezinyo awukhuthazwayo.
- Ngenjongo efanayo, akukhuthazwa ukuba adle iiyure ezimbini.
Emva kweveki ezi-2, inxalenye enkulu yomthombo izaliswe ngamathambo e-granulation. Emva koko iya kugqitywa ngumlenze we-mucous, kwaye ekujuleni kwayo kukho ukubunjwa kweethambo zamathambo. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu emva kokususwa kwezinyo, umgobo ugcwele izicubu zethambo. Kwaye emva kweenyanga ezi-6 izicubu ezikuloo ndawo yangaphambili azifani nazo ezizungezile.
Izimbobo zengxaki ngexesha lokususwa kwaye ubukho benkqubo yokuvuvukala kubangela intlungu kunye neenkqubo zokuphilisa. Xa kungabikho nkxalabo kwixesha elilandelelweyo, ukuphulukiswa kwempahla entle kungenabuhlungu.