Xa bevelele loo ngcebiso, oomama abancinci banqwenela umntwana wabo kakuhle, benqabile ngokukhawuleza. Ngaba ungabathengi ngaphaya kweziqhekeza ezili-10, kwaye emva kwephepha. Kwaye unogqirha ogqithiseleyo, unamaxesha onke ezama ukucacisa oko kukunceda ukutshintsha iimpahla kwintsana esanda kuzalwa, phinda ungakhathali ukuba awudingi ukutshathisa umntwana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ugogo ugqirha, ukhupha abantu abatsha ngokungakhathali baze bathi bahlekisa ngento yomntwana. Ngubani kubo okulungileyo?
Ukuze ufumanise, kubalulekile ukubuyela ekuqaleni kwexesha, ngexesha apho umntwana wayesaphila esiswini somama. Namhlanje, ezininzi iincwadi kunye namaphephancwadi amaphephancwadi achaza ubomi bomntwana ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, kwaye bekudala kungekho mfihlelo ukuba umntwana angakwazi ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba nokugcoba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkunzi inamava kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo kwihlabathi elide ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
Ukuqala kokuqala komntwana kuyakucacisa, oko kukuthi, ivakalelwa ngokucacileyo umnxeba. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (phambi kweeveki eziyi-16 ukuya ku-20), umntwana ungashukuma ngokukhululekile kwi-amniotic fluid. Ngokuqhelekileyo akathinti iindonga zesisu kwaye unokukwazi "ukunyuka" ngokukhululekileyo kumqulu wayo. Kodwa njengoko umntwana ekhula, ubele luba lukhuni kuye. Udibana neendonga zayo kwaye uziva njengomda. Kodwa olu tshintsho aluboni njengoluxinaniso lwehlabathi elijikelezile, kodwa njengengcaciso yokuqala malunga nomzimba wakhe.
Phantse kwiiveki ezingama-34, umntwana omdala okhulayo uhlala kuyo yonke indawo ye-intrauterine. Izindonga zesisu zimbathisa. Ngombulelo kwintlungu kunye nokuthintela, inkunzi inokufumana ingcamango yomzimba wayo, efana nomlo wesisu. Ngoko ekupheleni kokukhulelwa kwimeko ethile ye-intrauterine ikhula kumntwana, ngokubhekiselele kuyo ukuba uzibona ukuba ibhola, ngokuchanekileyo, i-ovoid (efana neqanda).
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba xa umzimba unyanzelekile kwaye uvalwe ukunyakaza, umntwana uziva kakuhle. Sekudlulileyo kwiinyanga zokugqibela zentuthuko, usetyenziselwa indawo esinqinciweyo kunye nesimo esifanelekileyo sokubangela umlo wesisu. Ukhawulwe, ugxininisa isifuba sakhe esifubeni sakhe, ukunyathela izandla zakhe esifubeni kunye nokuguqa ngamadolo aguqa ngamadolo. Kwaye kulesi sikhundla ukuba uziva ekhululekile, ekhululekile kwaye ephephile.
Kodwa kufika ixesha lokuzalwa kwaye umntwana uzalelwe. Ngakuye, yonke into yayishintshile ngokuphawulekayo: wangena ekukhanyeni okukhanya okuvela ebumnyameni obumnyama, ukuya kwindawo enkulu yokuvota okufutshane. Uyakuqonda ngokulula amava omntwana, ukuba uzama ukucinga ukuba uza kuziva njani ukuba uhlala ebhokisini elomeleleyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa waza wabuya wangena kwisitalato ngosuku olukhanyayo kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba uhambe ngokukhanya, ukuhamba ngokulula. Kungenzeka ukuba uvakalelwa iimvakalelo ezingenakubizwa ngokuthi zilungile: iliso lidla ukukhanya okungaqhelekanga, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa, imilenze ayigudluli - konke oku kukhulula intlungu kunye nokukhathazeka okubi.
Ngomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, zonke iimvakalelo zokuzalwa zifana nalawo afunyanwa ngumntu omdala kwiimeko ezichazwe ngasentla. Ufuna ukunyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza kwenguqu ehlabathini. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuvakalelwa komntwana kwihlabathi apho afunyanwa khona, kuyimfuneko ukubuyela kuye into eyayiqhelekileyo kuye, ingcamango yendlela yakhe yomzimba. Ingane yayingenayo inqabileyo kule ndawo enkulu kwaye ihlale iyikayika, uyadinga i-diaper yendabuko ebuyisela "iparadesi" engalawulekiyo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhwabanisa isana esingekho nje yintsali yexesha elidlulileyo. Ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana ekhutshisiwe, emnika isithuba sokuhlala esibelethweni, ngokukhawuleza uyanciphisa. Njengoko uqonda ngoku, oku akukwenzeka nje. Kule ndawo ukuba uvakalelwa yintuthuzelo enkulu kunye nokhuseleko. Oogogo bethu abazizilumko babesazi kakuhle kakuhle ukuba i-swaddling iyiluncedo. Bayazi amava kunye nokwesaba kwintsana kwaye yingakho beza nale ndlela elula yokunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwendawo yokuhlala kwimihlaba yangaphandle kwilizwe langaphandle.
Ukususela ngelo xesha, izinto ezininzi zitshintshile, kodwa indlela yokubeletha abantwana ihlale isifananisiwe, ngoko kufuneka siqhubeke sisebenzisa i-diapering ngenjongo ejoliswe kuyo. Yaye ungesabi ukuba oku kuya kunciphisa ukuphuhliswa komntwana. Ekuqaleni, iintsana ezisandul 'ukukhawuleza zikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza xa zifakwe kwi-diaper, zivakalelwa indawo ephantsi. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko baxotha ngaphandle kwipenki ye-diaper, bezama ukuyondla. Oku kuqalwe kwinqanaba elilandelayo, xa umntwana efuna ukuphinda abuyele umfanekiso opheleleyo wobomi bakhe obungaphambili. Ngesisu esiswini umntwana uyamkela intonga okanye umunwe kwiiveki ezili-16 zokukhulelwa.
Ngako oko, ungamkeli ukukhululwa kwengxaki yomntwana njengomnqweno wokukrazula i-diaper ngokukhawuleza. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu, umntwana uqala ukubonisa umdla kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo: uqala ukukhangela ekamelweni, ekhangele ubuso babantu abakujikelezileyo, kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziwela kummandla wakhe wombono. Emva koko uya kuzama ukukhulula izandla zakhe ukusuka kwindawo yokulala. Nawuphi na umama onothando nonomdla uya kuthathwa njengoluphawu olucacileyo lokuba lixesha lokuyeka ukutshintshela umntwana kunye nezibamba.
Uninzi lwabantwana lubonisa umnqweno wokulala odibeneyo ixesha elide - ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2. Oku kuvame ukudibaniswa nokuzalwa okulukhuni, xa inyaniso yokuzalwa ibonakala ngunyana njengengxaki enkulu. Kule meko, abantwana abanakukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwinto entsha. Eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo kukuba unike umntwana ithuba lokuba afundeke ngehlabathi elitsha ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza njengoko akwazi ukwenza oko ngokwakhe. Ukunyanzeliswa kweziganeko kule meko kunokwenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba kuhle. Ngoko musa ukwesaba, udibanise umntwana wakho osandul 'ukuzalwa uze uvelise umnqweno wokuphuma kwidrafer. Ngoko uya kunika umlutha ngokuthe gqolo kwiimeko ezintsha zobomi, kwaye imeko yengqondo yengane ayiyi kuba yintlungu.