Ukuzalwa komntwana osinde ixesha elide kumama noyise kuyonwabile. Kwimizuzu yokuqala yobomi bomntwana, oogqirha kunye nababelethisi kwiwadi yokubeletha baqhuba uviwo. Kwaye emva kokuvavanywa okufutshane komntwana kunikwe unina. Emva kokuba umntwana osandul 'umntwana ethatha umntwana ezandleni zakhe, uyavuya kunokuba umntu ehlabathini lonke afune, ekubeni ukuzalwa komntwana kubaluleke kakhulu ebomini babo bonke abafazi. Kodwa kubaluleke kunanoma yimuphi umama ingumntwana wengane yakhe elinde ixesha elinde.
Kodwa kunjalo, siyazibuza oko kulinganiswa ngababelekazi ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana kwaye yintoni isixa sama-Apgar?
I-Apgar yitheyibhile apho isimo somntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa sihlolwe. Idatha ebhalwe kwitafile ye-Apgar imele ifuneke ukubeka esweni iliso lwempilo yengane kunye nezinga lokunyamekela elifunekayo.
Ngokungafani nomama, abachwephesha bahlola kwaye balungiselela ukuphefumula komntwana, isikhumba, ithambo kunye neengcamango. Kwitheyibhile yeApgar, amanqaku athatyathwa kwisikali ukususela kwi-zero ukuya kumabini amabini. Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungiswa kwedatha kwenzeka kumzuzu wokuqala kunye wesihlanu wobomi bentsana, ngelixa uqikelelo lwesibini lube luncinci kuneyona yokuqala.
Uhlobo lweApgar lulinganiswa njani?
Ukuba izinga lentliziyo lomntwana lidlula iinqwelo ezilikhulu ngomzuzu, ngoko lilinganiswe kumanqaku amaninzi (2). Ukuba intliziyo yomntwana ingaphantsi kweebhokhwe ezilikhulu ngomzuzu, ngoko ke kuqikelelwa kwinqanaba elinye. Yaye ukuba i-pulse ayifumanekanga, ke amanqaku ahlelwe kwii-point zero.
Ukuphefumula nokumemeza kwintsana.
Ukuba ukuphefumula komntwana kwenzeka ngokuphindaphinda kwama-40-50 kunye nokuphuma ngeminithi, kunye nokukhala ngexesha lokuzalwa kuluhlu kunye nokubhoboza, ngoko ukufunda okunjalo kubalwa kwinqanaba lembini. Ukufundwa kwe-Weaker kubhalwa ngamanqaku a-1. Kwimeko yokungabi nokuphefumula, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukukhalisa iintsana, oogqirha bafaka amanqaku kumanqaku angama-zero.
Ithenda ye-muscle imiselwe ngumntu womntwana kwisithuba, ukunyakaza okunyanzelisayo kwezitho zonke kunye nentloko. Ukuba umntwana usebenza ngexesha lokuzalwa, amanqaku amaninzi asetyenziswa. Kwakhona, ukuba zonke izitho zomntwana zigxininisekile ekuxhaseni, oko kukwaqwalaselwa kwakhona njengesiphumo esihle. Ukuba i-tone ye-muscle yintsana ayisebenzanga kakhulu, ke amanqaku athile aqinisekisiwe. Kwaye kungabikho naluphi na ukunyakaza kwintsana, amanani amanqanaba athatyathwa kwi-zero.
Ukuxhamla komntwana osanda kuzalwa kwinqanaba le-Apgar.
Umntwana osandul 'uzalwa usenyanzelekile kakhulu kwiingcamango ezinxulumene nobomi bakhe obusisigxina, oko kukuthi: i-reflex swallowing and sucking reflex. Kwimizuzu yokuqala yobomi umntwana usenokuba sele evelisa i-reflexes yokuqala yokusana nokugwinya ubisi lwebele, kunye neengcamango zokukhwela kunye nokuhamba. Ukuba iingcamango zomntwana zibonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo, umntwana ufumana uvavanyo oluphezulu, kwaye ukuba ezi ngcamango zithengisa kakhulu okanye azibonakalwanga zonke, umntwana ufumana amanqaku enye. Ukungabi naluphi na ukucamngca kumntwana kuqikelelwa kumaphuzu angama-zero.
Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba sintsana.
Amanqaku aphezulu kule ngqinisiso afanelekileyo eluhlaza kancinci yomntwana okanye umbala oqaqambileyo, ulusu, njengombuso, olugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kokuqhawula kunye nebala elihlaza. Ukuba ulusu luluhlaza obomvu ngombala kunye nolwazi oluncinane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amanqaku amanqaku athatyathwa kwelinye iqhosha kwi-Apgar. Ubuncwane obunamabala kunye nokungabonakali kweempawu ezibalulekileyo kuqikelelwa kumanqaku angama-zero.
Iimpawu kwizinga lika-Apgar zifuneka kuphela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi obusana. Ukunceda umntwana osweleyo ngexesha lokuncedisa, iziphumo zoviwo kunye nenqanaba lomzimba womzimba liyadingeka. Ukuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa wayengasebenzi kwimimiselo yokuqala yobomi bakhe, oko kungenjalo kubonisa ukuba i-anomaly okanye i-pathology.