Ukubonwa koomama
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, loo ntokazi ibona ubuthathaka obuthathaka, intlungu emva kokulula izihlunu ze-perineum, izicatshulwa ezibuhlungu zesisu, zichaza amaninzi amaninzi kwibala lomzimba. Kwinqanaba elincinane le-puerperas, ukuqala kwexesha lokuhamba emva kuhamba kunye ne-chill ehlala imizuzu emi-5 (oku kubangelwa ukukhululwa okukhulu kweemveliso zetekisi zamaseli ezinamahlunu kwigazi). I-palpitation enamandla inokuthi yenzeke ngokunyanzelisa umzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwanda kancinci kwindlubhiso yomzimba kwiiyure eziyi-12 ezizayo emva kokunikezelwa (kufika ku-37.5 ° 0 ngenxa yokugqithisa inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic okanye ukukhutshwa kwemveliso ye-muscle egazini.) Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukushisa okuphakamileyo kuqhubekeka kwiiyure eziliqela kwaye kuyimfuneko ngaphandle kwonyango. qha ga mshelana nosana "isikhumba sikhuphe." Kwimizuzu engama-30 yokuqala emva kokubeleka, nokuba bhetele - ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kwe-crumb (ngaphambi kokubhinqa kwentambo), usana olusana lubekwe kumama kwisisu, kwaye lubekwe Isiqhotyoshelo sokuqala sisetyenziselwa esifubeni.
Iiyure ezimbini zokuqala umama osandul 'ukuza kubanjiswa kwindlu yokunikezela, kuba ngelo xesha iimeko ezinzima zibangelwa ukuphulwa komkhonto wesibeleko kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene ne-anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha. Oogqirha bayiqwalasela ngenyameko imeko yowesifazane wesibhedlele, uqhuba uviwo lokungenisa umsele. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunyaniseka kwezicubu kuyabuyiselwa. Ngeli xesha, kulungelwe ukunyuka, kuba le ntokazi ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ikwazi ukulahlekelwa ingqondo. Ukongezelela, ukuphumla okupheleleyo kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuphuma kwiimpahla zendawo enxweme (indawo apho i-placenta yayifakwe ngaphambili kwisibeletho). Kufuneka ukuba unamathele ipakethe ye-ice kwisisu esezantsi ukukhusela ukuphuma kwegazi, njengoko oku kuvuselela izithintelo ze-uterine, ezinokubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kumfazi ngenxa yemiphumo ebanda kunye noxinzelelo olunzulu kwisisu esiswini. Emva kweeyure ezingama-2, i-puerpera kwi-gurney iyathunyelwa kwiwadi yeSebe leposi. Kwizindlu ezininzi zokubeletha, umama omncinane usegumbini elihlangeneyo kunye nosana. Ukuqala ukunyuka kumfazi kukhuthazwa kwiiyure ezingama-4-6 emva kweentlobo.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
Ngelishwa, inwaba yokuthetha nomntwana inokufakela iimvakalelo ezintle okanye iingxaki zexesha lokugqibela. Uninzi lwabasetyhini kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokubeleka luxhala ngeentlungu zokutyhafa esiswini. Ezi zintluko zibangelwa ukutyunjwa kwezihlunu zesisu, ngenxa yokunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bayo emva kokunikezelwa. Kwiinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 i-uterus kufuneka ibuyisele ubungakanani bayo bokuqala (oko kukuthi, ukuncipha ukusuka kwi-1000 g ukuya kuma-50 g). Izithintelo zobunqunu kuzo zonke iibhinqa zinobukhulu obuhlukeneyo: kwabanye abantu abadlulayo abangaboniyo, umntu ukhumbuza isimo sengqondo somfutho wexinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunye neentlungu ezinzima ezifuna ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-spasmolytic. Ngokuqhelekileyo iincwadana ezinobunzima kakhulu ze-uterine zifumaneka kwi-re-born, ehambelana nokuveliswa okunzulu kwe-oxytocin kunye nokugqithisa okunzulu kwezihlunu ze-uterine ngexesha lomsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo. Kwakhona, i-puerperas ingqalelo yokuba ezi zibuhlungu zivakalelwa xa zancinciza umntwana, njengokuba xa usana emzimbeni uqala ukuphuhlisa i-hormone i-oxytocin, enceda nje ukunciphisa isisu. Iziphene ze-postpartum uterine azinasidingo. Ngamaxesha onke, ngeentlungu ezinzima, i-antispasmodics (umz., Akukho-SHPA) okanye iyeza zonyango ziyalelwe. Abanye abantu bancedwa ngumshushu ofudumele, ophumayo. Abasetyhini abaninzi kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokubeleka bakhathazeke ngeentlungu kunye nokugqithisa kwi-perineum. Oku akubangelwa yintlupheko okanye ukubandakanywa kwezicubu zomzimba. Uvakalelo olubuhlungu lubangelwa ukugqithiswa kwezihlunu eziphazamisayo ngexesha lokubeleka, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kweempawu kunye ne-hematomas (i-hemorrhages). Ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa intlungu kuya kunceda isicelo ngezikhathi ezithile kwi-perineum yepakethe ye-ice ehlanganiswe kwi-diaper. Ngokuqhelekileyo le mvalelo idlula eyodwa iintsuku. Enye into ukuba kukho ikhefu okanye icandelo le-perineum. Emva koko intlungu iya kuba yinkxalabo - malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14: eli lixesha elifunekayo lokuphulukiswa okupheleleyo kwezicubu. Ngeli xesha, kucetyiswa ukuba ugweme ukuhlala kwimiqathango: ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, i-torso kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwesisindo (ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle komntwana), njengoko oku kungakhokelela ekuhambeni kwamalungu, ukunyuka kwexesha lokuphilisa. Kwiveki yokuqala emva kokubeleka, lo mfazi uphathwa ngamagqabha kwi-perineum kunye nezixazululo ezingenayo i-disinfectant (i-green ingqungquthela, i-permanganate ye-potassium). Kufuneka wenze kwakhona isitya sokuhlamba emva kokuhambela kwindlu yangasese. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zamanqwanamhla ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphulukana komzimba kukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa ngokukhawuleza nokunciphisa ixesha apho umntu engakwazi ukuhlala kwiintsuku ezi-7-10.
Iingxaki zokucoca kunye nezihlalo
Abanye abafazi kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokubeletha banokuba neengxaki zokuvuthwa, xa i-bladder igcwele, kwaye akukho nqweno yokuya kwindlu yangasese. Le meko ihambelana ne-bladder hypotension ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa ngamandla kweendonga zayo ngentloko yengane ngexesha lokubeletha. Kwaye inkulu umntwana, enkulu amathuba okuba yingxaki. Isibilini esipheleleyo asivumeli ukuba isibeleko senze isivumelwano kwaye sinokubangela ukusuleleka kwe-urinary tract. Ukuthintelwa kweengxaki kunconywa ukutyelela indlu yangasese nganye iiyure eziyi-2-3, nokuba akukho nxu lumano lokuvota. Ukuba awuzange unyuke ngaphakathi kweeyure eziyi-8 emva kokunikezelwa, kufuneka wenze into. Okokuqala, kukufanelekile ukuzama ukubangela ukucima ukuguquka ngokuguqula ukugeleza kwamanzi kwisitya okanye kwisitya. Ngamanye amaxesha kunceda ukufudumala: zama ukubeka ibhotile yamanzi ebusayo phantsi kwesisu malunga nemizuzu engama-20-20. Ukuba konke oku kuphumelelanga, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomhlengikazi wakho - kuya kukunceda ukususa umchamo nge-catheter e-soft rubber.
Ukongeza kwiingxaki zokuvuthwa, umama omtsha unokufumana iingxaki ngesigxina. Ngokuqhelekileyo isihlalo kufuneka silindeleke ngomhla wesi-2-3 emva kokuzalwa. Ukuze kungabi nakunqandeka, umntu kufuneka ahambelane nokutya okunotye kwi-fiber, udle iimveliso zobisi ezimuncu (kungcono kune-kefir eqhelekileyo ngokuphila kwesikhefu), ukucwenga, i-compric kwi-apricots omisiwe, izithelo ezomileyo, iibhereet ezibilisiwe. Ukuba zonke iingxaki ezifanayo kunye nesitulo zavuka kwaye ngosuku lwesine lokuhlala kwisibhedlele sokubeleka kwakungekho ukukhutshwa kwamathumbu, kufuneka usebenzise ibhandlela lexous (kunye ne-glycerin), kwaye ukuba oko akunakunceda, cela umongikazi enze i-enema. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwee-odineli ze-perineum bonke abafanayo abancomo ukuba babe nesihlalo kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-4 kwaye bacele ukuba bahambelane nokutya okhethekileyo. Ukususela kwisondlo somama osemncinci, umntu makabandakanye ukutya okucebileyo kwi-fiber, ngakumbi i-fiber, ekhokelela ekunyuseni kwamathumbu emathumbu (intambo): i-bran, iimbotyi, i-nut, izithelo ezomileyo, isonka esivela kumgubo ococekileyo, iparele, ibhali, ibhakheheat, i-oatmeal, i-millet, imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo. Emva kokuchaswa nganye kuyimfuneko ukuvelisa isitya sococeko se-perineum, ngokukhethekileyo amanzi apholileyo.
Ingxaki eyona nto ibonakalayo emva kokuzalwa kwama-hemorrhoids (i-varicose veins of rectum) kunye nokuphambuka kwi-rectum, okubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kowesifazane. Ukuqhuma kwe-rectum kuvela ngenxa yokwelula okunzulu kwe-anus ye-mucus ngexesha lemizamo. Isizathu samathambo ayenyuka kwindxinxwa ye-intra-esiswini kunye noxinzelelo kwi-pelvis encinci kunye nemizamo, ukugqithiswa kwegazi kwimiva ye-rectum, eyandisa ngokukhawuleza ngokwezandi, iindonga zazo zenzeke. Ukuba kukho ingxaki efanayo, ungaba neentloni uze uzame ukujongana nawe. Qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nalo. Unako ukumisela ioli ekhethekileyo kunye ne-rectal suppositories ezivunyelwe ngexesha lokutya. Ukongezelela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba imimiselo yococeko lwabomi emva kwesenzo ngasinye sokunyakaza nokuhamba, ukutya okuthintela ukuzitywa, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo zeemfesane, ukukhawulwa kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngumzimba - le miqathango iza kunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima.
Ukukhutshwa kwi-tract tract
Emva kokubeletha, umama omncinci uyaqaphela ukuba khona kweemfihlo ezivela kwisigcawu somzimba (lochia). Ziyigazi kwiinqanawa zendawo enxweme, ii-blood clots, iinqununu zezitya ezincinci. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuzalwa, i-lochia ifana ne-mens, i-spotting ibomvu ebomvu kwaye ingaba neelaphu ezininzi. Kancinci, inani labo liqala ukuhla. Ngosuku lokuqala emva kokubeleka, umama osemncinci uyacetyiswa ukuba asebenzise i-diapers. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukubeka esweni inani lokulahleka kwegazi, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukusebenzisa ii-gaskets. Ukuba kukho ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amaninzi, i-diaper ixutywe ngegazi, oku kufuneka kuxelwe ngokukhawuleza kugqirha, kuba oku kungaba ngumqondiso wesifo sokuphuma kwesisu (kuvela kwiindawo ezisetyenziseni ze-placenta kwisibeletho). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-ultrasound ye-uterus ivame ukuqhutyelwa, kwaye ukuba kukho ubungqina bokuba kubukho beentsike zeengxube ze-placental, ukukhutshwa kwesibindi (isicra) kuyadingeka.
Ekupheleni kweveki yokuqala emva kokubeletha (ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela ngomhla we-4), i-lochia ishintshe isicatshulwa sayo ngokuthe ngcembe - ibe yintlungu. oko kukuthi, ngokubanzi kunokuba neemvini ze-mucus, ufumane umbala obomvu obomvu okanye obomvu. Inani labo liye lancipha kancane. Kwiintsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwe-14 emva kokunikezelwa, i-lochia ibe yintsimi, phantse ibala (ibe nombala omhlophe obomvu). Ukukhulelwa ngokugqithiseleyo emva kokuphuma kwimiva kuyama emva kweiveki ezi-5 ukuya kwe-6 emva kokunikezelwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwimeko yesibhedlele sokubeleka, i-lousy inokulibaziseka kwisibilini se-uterine. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala nge-ultrasound ye-uterus, eyenziwa ngabo bonke abafazi esibelethweni iintsuku ezingama-2-3 emva kokuzalwa. Le meko inobungozi ngokujoyina intsholongwane kunye nokuvela kwenkcenkqalazo enzulu yexesha lokugqibela emva kokuphela kwesithuba - i-endometritis yokuhamba emva kokubeleka (ukuvuvukala kwe-uterine mucosa). Ngoko ke, nangona naluphi na ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa lomzimba (ngaphezu kwe-37.5 ° 0, enentlungu ebuhlungu kwisisu esiswini kufuneka uxelele ngokukhawuleza ugqirha.
Utshintsho kwi-grey gland
Ukukhankanywa ngokukodwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngeenguqu ezenzeka kwiintlobo zeemfesane ezinyangeni zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Nangona ngexesha lokukhulelwa, izilonda ze-mammary ziqala ukulungiselela ulungelelaniso lomhlaba. Emva kokuzalwa, baqala ukuhlakulela ngokukhawuleza i-colostrum yokuqala (iintsuku eziyi-2-3 zokuqala), emva koko ubisi benguqulelo, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 - ubisi lwebele oluvuthiweyo. Kwiintsuku ezi-2-3 zokuqala emva kokunikezelwa, loo ntokazi ayinakuphi na ukukhathazeka okuthe ngqo kwiintlobo zeentloko. Ngeli xesha, umntwana kufuneka afakwe kwisibindi kaninzi, nangona kubonakala ngathi akukho nto kuyo. I-colostrum ibelwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhla kwehla, encinci, kodwa kwanele ngokwaneleyo umntwana, iqulethe i-concentric nutrients kunye ne-immunoglobulins (iintsholongwane), ngoko kuyimfuneko kumntwana. Ngomhla wesi-2 ukuya kwe-4, ubisi lwebele luqala. Kule meko, izilonda ze-mammary zigqityiwe, zikhula ngokukhulu ngokukhulu. Ku nokuba nobunzima, ukuxhamla kunye nokubethelela esifubeni, ukwanda okufutshane kumbindi womzimba ukuya ku-37-37.5 ° C. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kule meko ukubeka umntwana kwibele rhoqo, ukwenzela ukuba i-midsection iphakame ngokufanayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana usetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo (umntwana akufanele acacise nje ingxobo, kodwa kunye neyona nxalenye enkulu ye-areola, akufuneki kubekho ukutshitshiswa, umtshini womntwana ucinezelwe ngokusemthethweni esifubeni, umntwana uvalelwa ukugwinya). Ukuba emva kokuncelisa umntwana kusalokhu kunzima, kukho izibonda, ngethuba lokuqala emva kokubeletha kunokwenzeka ukubonisa ubisi oluncinane (ngesandla okanye kumpompo webele), kodwa kungekude ukugqitywa ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa kwindlela yokuphucula. Kamva, xa umntwana eqala ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo ibele kwaye i-lactation igqityiwe, akukho mfuneko yokuyiveza. Kwakhona ukuthintela ukuxhamla ubisi (lactostasis), iintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala kufuneka zinciphise ukungena kwamanzi ukuya ku-800 ml ngosuku.
Ekuqaleni, ngenxa yokuba umama akayi kubeka ngokusesikweni umntwana kumbele, ukutyhoboza kwiintlobo zingenza, obangela ubuhlungu obukhulu ngexesha lokutya. Ukuthintela oku kuya kunceda indlela efanelekileyo yokufaka isicelo esifubeni, i-douche ehlukileyo kwimimandla yeemfesane zonyamakazi, unyango lweengono emva kokutya kunye nokuphilisa amafutha (BAPANTEN, D-PANTHENOL) okanye utywala lobisi lwebele. Musa ukuhlamba isifuba ngesepha phambi kokusondla ngalunye: kutshabalalisa ifilimu ekhuselekileyo kwii-asolas kunye neengono, kukhuthaza ukuxhatshazwa kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukusuleleka kwintlupheko ebangela. Nangona kunjalo kukho ukuchaswa kweengxowa kunye nokunondla kubangela intlungu engapheliyo, ungasebenzisa okwethutyana iipilisi ezikhethekileyo ze-silicone. Xa ukuphangwa kuphilisiwe (kwaye oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza), unokubuyela kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokutya. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba umama uyathemba ukuba unako ukunyusa ngokusisigxina umntwana wakhe kunye nobisi lwebele. Ukuba kukho ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo kule nto, ngoko nayiphi na ingxaki iza kunqunyulwa kwaye izisombululo.
Emva kokuzalwa, abanye abafazi bayamangaliswa ngokubukeka kakubi kwesisu sabo. Esikhundleni sokuma, sondela ngokugqithiseleyo, esichazwa ngubukhulu be-uterine obukhulu. Esikhundleni sokuhlala phakathi kwesisu, isalathisi esicacileyo sakhiwe ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwezidumbu zodonga lwesisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokugqithiseleyo ubukhulu bombele bubuyiselwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokubeletha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okuthile kwisisu. Ukubuyisela ukunyaniseka kwezihlunu zesisu, kuya kuphakanyiswa ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekileyo, oku kuqaliswa kwisibhedlele sokubeleka ngokungabikho kokuchasene. Isantya sokubuyiswa kwesibini kwindoda enhle isisigxina kwaye sincike kwisimo sokuqala semisundu yomshicileli, umlinganiselo wesifo semisipha ngexesha lokukhulelwa (ubunzima be-fetus, i-polyhydramnios, ukukhulelwa okubanzi), inzuzo yesisindo sonke sokukhulelwa, isondlo kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyama emva kokubeleka. Ngoluhlu olunamandla kakhulu lweemisipha, ugqirha oya kwiingcoma ucebisa ukuba le ntokazi ibhince i-postpartum bandage. Ngoku uyazi indlela yokubuyiselwa ngayo emva kokuzalwa, ukuphucula impilo kamama wakho kuya kunceda ukuphumla rhoqo.