Ngomoya wehlabathi, ukwethuka kukuba ukwesaba, ukudideka, ngokukhawuleza ukufaka umntu okanye kwangoko abantu abaninzi kunye nokuzama ukulawula ingozi. Kukwahlukana kwezizwe ngezizwe, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic (isiqendu, ukuxhalaxisa i-paroxysm) yinto eqhelekileyo engalindelekanga, ukuxhalabisa okanye ukwesaba okukhulu, okuhamba kunye ubuncinane kwizinto ezilandelayo:
• umatshini we-palpitation (intliziyo igxuma esifuba);
Ukuxela;
• ukuthuthumela;
• ukuvakalelwa okanye ukungabi nomoya;
• uvakalelo lokuxhatshazwa;
• intlungu esifuba;
• iimvakalelo ezingathandeki kwisisu;
• isisu;
• iimvakalelo zokugubha okanye ukubetha;
• ukuphosa okanye ukuxubha kwegazi ebusweni;
• ingqiqo yezinto ezingqongekiyo okanye izinto zokuzihlukanisa ("izandla zaba njengabantu abangaziwa");
• ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukuzilawula okanye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo;
• ukwesaba ukufa.
Ezi zimpawu zikhula ngokukhawuleza, zingalindelekanga kwaye zifikelele kwinqanaba elingaphaya kwemizuzu engama-10, ngokukhawuleza ziphela ngeyure. Enye yokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko ayiyisifo. Abaninzi kakhulu ebomini babo banamava ubuncinane bokuhlaselwa kwe-panic malunga nemvelaphi yempilo jikelele. Kodwa ukuba inani lokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki lifikelela emine ngenyanga, ungathetha ngesifo kwaye ufumane ukuxilongwa "kwesifo sengxaki".
Ngethuba lokuqala ukuxilongwa kwelo xesha kwilizwe lethu laqala ukuthetha iingqondo zengqondo kunye neengqondo ze-psychotherapists ngo-1993-1994, xa beqala ukuqwalasela amava abo kunye namazwe angaphandle. Ngehambo eqhubekayo yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ungakwazi ukubona imeko ngokulandelelana.
Isigaba se-1 sisilungeleleneyo, xa isiqalo sokwesaba sihamba kunye neempawu ezingaphantsi kwezine ukusuka ngasentla.
Kwinqanaba lesibini, kubonakala iimpawu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-agoraphobia (ukusuka kwi-Agora ye-Agora-indawo enkulu yemakethi). U-Agoraphobia ukwesaba ezo ndawo okanye iimeko apho kukho ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiki (kwindawo yokudlala i-movie, kwibhasi epheleleyo, ukuqhuba imoto, kwindawo evulekileyo, kwindlu yakho). Ukwesaba ukubuya kwimeko enzima kakhulu, apho kungenakwenzeka ukufumana uncedo kumntu.
Isigaba sesithathu - i-hypochondria. Umntu uyaxhala ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwesoyikizo kuya kuphinda (okubizwa ngokuba yixhala elixhalabisayo), uqala ukukhangela isizathu sokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kwaye okokuqala kufike kumgqirha. Uvavanyo olude kunye nolunokungabonakali luqala ngeengcali ezahlukeneyo: i-cardiologists, i-neurologists, i-otolaryngologists. Ukuxilonga okuhlukeneyo kusekwe: i-dystonia ye-vegetovascular okanye i-neuro-circular dystonia, i-paroxysmal tachycardia, i-mitral valve prolapse, isifo esilumkileyo esiswini, isifo se-premenstrual syndrome, njl. Uviwo lunokuhlala iminyaka, unyango olumiselweyo alusebenzi, kwaye isifo somzimba asifumaneki. Le ndoda iphelile, amayeza kunye noogqirha bamdumaza. Uqala ukucinga ukuba uyagula ngesinye isifo esingaqhelekanga nesiganeko.
Isigaba se-4 - ukuphephelwa kwe-phobic limited. Njengoko umkhuba ubonisa, ukuhlaselwa okumbalwa komntu kubona kunene kakhulu. Amandla apho ukwesaba okubandakanya isigulane kumenza afune usindiso, abize i-ambulensi, ukuya kumagumbi okufumana izibhedlele ezikufutshane.
Xa ukuxhamla kuqhuma, ukuxhalaba kuqhubeka, xa kuphela ukulindela ukuhlasela olutsha kwenza kube nzima ukuhlala nokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Umntu udibanisa ukuvela kwesoyiko ngeemeko ezithile (ukuhlala kwisihlwele xa u tyelela ivenkile, uhamba ngomgwaqo ongaphantsi komhlaba, ephakamileyo, ulinde kwisitya somgwaqo) kwaye uzama ukuwaphepha (uhamba ngeenyawo, utshatyalaliswe ngeteksi, ngokungaqhelekanga uye esitolo).
Isigaba sesi-5 sisigxina esikhulu sokuphepha. Ukuba isiguli asengayifumana kwiprogram kwaye ayifumananga uncedo oluyimfuneko, uhamba ngakumbi, ukuziphatha kwakhe kubonakala kufana nokuboshwa ekhaya ngokuzithandela. Akunakwenzeka ukuya esitolo ngokwakho, ufike emsebenzini, uhambe inja, udinga inkxaso rhoqo yamalungu entsapho. Uloyiko oluqinileyo lugqitha yonke indlela yokuphila, umntu uyaba noncedo, uxinzezelekileyo, uxinezelekile.
Le yinqanaba lesi-6 - ukuxinezeleka kweyesibini.
Ubuninzi beengxaki zokuphazamiseka, ngokwesigqibo esithile, kufinyelela ku-3.5% yabantu abadala. Esi sifo siqala, ngokuqhelekileyo ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebusheni, nangona ezinye zikhula kwimpilo kamva. Abasetyhini bafumana amaxesha ama-2-3 ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamadoda. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kwiintsapho zezigulane ezineengxaki zokuphazamiseka kwesi sifo senziwa ngamaxesha angama-3-6 ngaphezulu. Ukuba umama uyahlupheka, kamva umntwana wakhe unethuba elingcono lokugula.
Njengesizathu sokuphazamiseka kwesifo, iziganeko zofuzo, kunye nokufumana izakhono zokuphendula ngokuxhalabisa, kunye nokudibanisa kokubili kubonwa. Kukho inani leemeko nezifo ezinokubangela into efana nokuhlaselwa kwexhala, kodwa oku akuyiyo ingxaki yokuphazamiseka. Ukuthatha iikhofi ezininzi, i-psychostimulants (i-amphetamine, i-cocaine), iziyobisi kunye notywala kaninzi kubangela iimpawu zesifo.
Ngoku uyazi ezininzi malunga nokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko, iimpawu, ukubonakaliswa - indlela yokunyanga, nangona kunjalo, ingcali kufuneka inqume. Ngokucacileyo kufuneka uqonde ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqaphela ngokubanzi uluntu ukuba umntu obandezelekayo akahluphekanga iminyaka, ngelixa ejikeleza iikhabinethi zepolyclinic, kwaye ngaphandle kokwesaba kunye neentloni kuguqulwa ugqirha-wengqondo kwiingcebiso.
I-psychotherapist, eqeqeshiwe ngendlela yokungenelela ekuxilongweni kwentsholongwane yesifo, iyakwazi ukumisela ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha, ukunika unyango olufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokugula, nokunciphisa ubunzima beempawu.
Unokukhetha kwakhona imbono yefilosofi nengqondo yokuphazamiseka kwesifo: esi sifo sinomphumela wesimo esithile okanye indlela yokuphila yomntu. Lo ngumqondiso wokuthi uphila ngokungahambi kakuhle, into engenzi njalo.
Ngokwemimiselo, ubomi bakho nawuphi na wethu unokwahlukana ngamacandelo amaninzi. Ngokumalunga nequmrhu lomzimba litshilo kwaye libhalwa kakhulu, unokhumbula nje ukuba umzimba wethu udinga ukutya okunomsoco, ekuziphatheni ngokomzimba, kwimeko yokunyamekela, ekuphumleni nasekunyamekeleni. Ingqondo yengqondo (okanye yedwa) iquka intsapho, umoya ophakathi kuyo, iimpawu zobudlelwane nabathandekayo.
Abantu bahlaselwa ngokukrakra, kunceda ukwazi imithetho emininzi yokuziphatha ngexesha lokuhlaselwa:
• hlala apho ukhona; ukuhlaselwa kungasongela ubomi kwaye nangona iimeko ziza kudlula ngokwayo imizuzu eyi-10-20, ukungafani okugqithisileyo nokuphonsa kuphela umdaka imeko yezempilo;
• Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nekhefu (ukuya kufutshane no-10 ngomzuzu); Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kwandisa uxhalaba;
• Abantu abakujikelezileyo kufuneka bakuphephe ukuxhatshazwa, ukuvumela ngokuzenzekelayo umntu ukuseka isingqungquthela sokuphefumula;
• Nangona i-panic disorder isifo, ngexesha lexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho umntu akakhuphelwa uxanduva lokuphumelela ebomini bakhe, emsebenzini, ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.