Ukuhlulwa kwezizithulu ngenxa yezizathu zayo:
- I-Genetic (50%). Kwi-70% yamatyala ayikho i-syndrome (oko kukuthi, ukuva kuphela kuphulwe). Kwi-30% ekhoyo yamatyala, ezinye iinguqu kunye ne-syndromes zidibene neentlupheko (Asher, Alport, Waardenburg, njl.).
- Ukungabikho kwemfuyo (50%) Ukusuleleka kocwangco (njenge-rubella). Iziphumo ezinobungozi zamachiza (umzekelo, i-antibiotics, i-aminoglycosides). Ukulimala komzimba kwindlebe. Usulelo lwebhaktheriya.
Ukubekwa kwezithulu kunye nokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwentsibano kunye nokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa okwenzeka kwindawo ethile yokuphakama, okulinganiselwe kwi-decibel.
- Ukugqiba izithulu: kwinqanaba lezwi elikhulu ngaphezu kwama-decibel angama-85.
- Ukulahleka kweendlebe ezivakalayo: 60-85 decibels.
- Bradyacuity of degree: 40-60 decibels.
Ukungenzi-ntsilelo kwinqanaba elilula: 25-40 decibels.
Kwiimeko ezimbini zokugqibela, umntu unethuba lokuthetha, nangona unengxaki ngokuthetha kunye nokubiza. Abantwana abanentsholongwane yesifo esiswini bayabhekana nobunzima obunzima bezonxibelelwano, kuba abanakusebenzisa intetho (abayizithulu). Ngoko ke, kunzima ukuba bathethe nabanye. Oku kunzima ukuphulaphula, kungakumbi ukuba kungabi sisimungulu. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ngokukhuthazwa kakuhle kwesithulu, umntwana uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokuqhelekileyo. Impembelelo yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kuxhomekeke xa bevela - ngaphambi kokuba umntwana afunde ukufunda nokubhala, okanye emva. Ukuba umntwana akanalo izakhono zokuthetha, unesimo esifanayo nomntwana ozalelwa isisithulu; ukuba ukuphulwa kwenzeka kamva, abayi kuphazamisana nophuhliso lomntwana. Ngenxa yoko, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwa ngethuba lokungaboniyo kunye nokuphulukiswa kwonyango: ukuvuselela kwangaphambili, ukufumana izixhobo zokuvavanya, ukufunda ulwimi lwezandla, ukufundwa kwemilomo, unyango okanye unyango olusetyenziswayo (i-prosthetics, izifundo zeziyobisi, njl. Injongo yokuvuselela umntwana ngengxaki yokuvalelwa kukumfundisa ukuba athethe nabanye kwaye aqonde ukuba unako. Ekuqaleni, ugxininiso lubekwa kwiimoto nezakhono zengqondo: umboniso, umnqweno kunye nezandi, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Unokwenza ingqwalasela yomntwana kwingqungquthela evezwayo xa uyathintela (umzekelo, ukutshukunyiswa kwe-grinder ye-coffee, umatshini wokuhlamba, ilizwi eliphantsi, ucoceko ococekileyo, njl.). Ngexesha lentetho, umntwana osisithulu kufuneka ahlale ebhekene nomnye umntu ukuze afunde amagama akhe emlonyeni. Abazali akufanele bawunqobelele umntwana okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, mthintele - kunye nomntwana kubalulekile ukuthetha, ukucula, ukudlala, uzame ukucinga ngento yokuba akava nto.
Ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuvakalayo, ubunzima bokubandezeleka komntu kunye neengxaki ngokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwanda. Umntwana oyisithulu uhlala engathobeli, akanakulawula ukuphendula kwakhe. Unokuba nobudlova, ububi, ukuxinezeleka xa engaphumeleli ukufezekisa. Ejongene neemeko ezingenakukwazi ukuzilawula, loo mntwana uvale yena ngokwakhe, uyeke ukudibanisa nommandla apho angaziva ekhululekile. Ukuvalelwa kweempazamo kumthintela ekuqondeni iinkcazo esikolweni nasekhaya. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ngokucacileyo umlingiswa, abantu abadala kufuneka baqwalasele, ngakumbi xa bezama ukulungisa ubunzima bokuziphatha. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nesazi sezengqondo ukuze usombulule iingxaki zomzwelo zomntwana oyisithulu kunye nokuchonga iimfuno zezihlobo zakhe. Abazali bafuna ukunceda umntwana kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ikakhulu esikolweni, kodwa musa ukuwahoxisa iimfuno zamanye amalungu entsapho, ingakumbi abantwana. Ukunyamezela, ukungahambelani kunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu: kubonga kubo, kunokwenzeka ukudala imvelo yentsapho kunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo somntwana oyisithulu. Ngoku siyazi ukuba yiyiphi enye indlela yokukhetha unyango lokukhubazeka kwintetho kubantwana.