Izigaba ezizayo
Umdlavuza womlenze kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lwenzeka ngokungaqhelekanga. Kwixesha elizayo, i-hemoptysis ingenzeka, kunye nezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;
- intlungu esifuba;
- izifo zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo okanye eziphindaphindiweyo;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ukujikeleza;
- ukuvakala kwezwi;
- ukunyuka komzimba;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- ukukhathala;
- intlungu kwihlombe okanye ingalo.
Ezinye iimpawu zihlala zihambelana nokusabalala kwemitha-mastases - ukufuduka kwamaseli omhlaza kumanye amaqumrhu ngegazi kunye neenqwelomoya. Ngokomzekelo, ukusasazeka kwe-tumor esithambo kunokuhamba kunye nentlungu eninzi kunye neziqhekeza, i-metastases yesibindi yisoloko ibangelwa i-ascites kunye ne-jaundice, kwaye kwingqondo - iinguqu ekuphatheni. Uninzi lweemeko zomhlaza wemiphunga zidibene nokutshaya. Isifo esibi kakhulu somhlaza wamaphaphu, ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki kubonakala sele kwinqanaba elibi lesifo.
Ukutshaya
Umngcipheko wokwakha i-tumor iyanda ngokunyuka kwenani le-cigarettes elibhemayo ngosuku kunye nobude bokutshaya. Nangona kunjalo, kuncipha ukunciphisa nokushiya lo mkhuba onobungozi. Umsindo wokubhema umsi wecuba ngabantu abangabhemi (oko kuthiwa ukutshaya ukutshaya) kukhulisa amathuba esi sifo ngo-15%. Ukutshintshwa kwamagayibha ukuya kumibhobho yokutshaya okanye iiguba kuyanciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa uhlala uphezulu kakhulu kunabangabhemi.
Ukungcoliseka komhlaba
Ipesenti encinci yeengxaki zomhlaza wamaphaphu zidibaniswa nokungcola kwemoya, kunye nokufuthwa komthunzi oshishino oluqukethe iincinci ze-asbestos, i-arsenic, i-chromium, i-oxide yensimbi, i-tar namalahle kunye nemveliso ebushushu.
Izicubu zesibini
Inkqubo engafanelekanga kwezinye izitho, umzekelo, izilonda ze-mammary okanye i-prostate, zingahambelana nokubunjwa kwe-tumor yesibili kwimpompe eneempawu ezifanayo.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Amadoda, ngaphezu kwowesetyhini, umgudu womhlaza wompompo kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa lo mahluko uyancipha ngokunyuka kwinani labafazi ababhemayo. Phakathi kwezona zinto ezibangela ukufa kwabantu besifa kumdlavuza, olu hlobo lomhlaza luba sesibini emva komhlaza wesifuba. Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwiziphumo zeemviwo ze-anamnesis kunye neeklinikhi. Ukongeza kwimiqondiso yepommonary, kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela imiqondiso yeengxaki ze-hormonal, ukuchithwa kwemisipha kunye nemigudu ye-nerve, i-anemia, i-thrombosis, utshintsho kumalungu, ukugqithisa kwesikhumba. Ezi zimpawu kwezinye iimeko zihamba neenguqu ezinzima kwimiphunga.
Ukutywa kwe-phalanges yeminwe
Ukuqhawulwa kwama-phalanges ekupheleni kweminwe kunye neenzwane (ezinjengeengqungquthela) kubonakala kwi-30% yeziganeko zomhlaza wamaphaphu, kodwa kwenzeka kwezinye izifo, umzekelo, kwizifo zentliziyo yesisu.
Iindidi zomhlaza wemiphunga
Incinci ye-cell carcinoma yimilambo ehlaselayo kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ingxelo malunga ne-20-30% yazo zonke iimeko zomhlaza wemiphunga. Ivela kwiiseli ezivelisa i-hormone, ngoko kwezinye iimeko ezinye zeempawu zibangelwa zizifo ze-hormone. I-cell-cell carcinoma engekho encinci yiqela leemvumi ezibonakala ngokukhula okucothayo. Ziquka:
- squamous cell carcinoma;
- umdlavuza omdala;
- umhlaza womhlaza;
- i-adenocarcinoma yomphunga (i-tumor ehambelana nokuguqulwa kwe-asbestos, kunye neyona nto ixhaphakileyo kubantu abangabhemi).
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- I-X-ray ye-Chest - ivumela ukufumanisa izicubu ngobubanzi be-1-2 cm (izicubu ezincinci zincinci azifumaneki kwi-radio). Ngexesha lokuqala kweempawu, i-90% yezilonda zamaphaphu ziboniswa yi-radiography;
- i-tomography ekhompyutheni - ivumela ukuchonga amafomati amancinci, kodwa ezinye zazo zihlala zingabonakali xa usebenzisa le ndlela;
- ukuskena kwe-resonance magnetic - inikeza ukubonakala kakuhle kwe-tumor kunye neendwangu ze-lymph ezandisiweyo ezikufutshane neempahla ezinkulu zemiphophu.
Bronchoscopy
I-bronchoscopy yindlela yokufunda iindlela zokuhamba ngeendlela ezisetyenziswayo usebenzisa i-fiber optic i-fiber optic device-bronchoscope. Ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintshela izicubu zeelamoni ze-bronchogenic kunye neeseli ezinqamlekileyo ukusuka kwezinye iindawo zomphunga wokuvavanywa kwebhubhoratri.
I-biopsy
Kulo thuba, inaliti encinci ye-transthoracic efakwe kwisibilini sesifuba phantsi kwe-X-ray okanye i-CT isetyenziselwa ukuthabatha isampuli yesikhumba kwisakhiwo esityhukisayo. Isigulana ngokuqhelekileyo kwizigulane zomhlaza wemiphunga asinakulungeleka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-tumor ifunyenwe ekuqaleni kwaye akukho zixhobo zokuxhatshazwa, ukungenelela ngonyango kunokukhokelela ekunyangeni. Indlela yokhetho kwizigulane ezinobungozi obukhulu bemisebenzi yamapulmonari yonyango oluphezulu lwezonyango. Kwizigulane ezinokuqhubela phambili i-tumor cell squam ehamba ngokukhawuleza, zombini iindlela zokuhlinzwa kunye ne-radiotherapy zingasebenza.
Inyango yokuphanda
Unyango olungcono kakhulu lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza lungumdlavuza, kodwa ufanelekile kuphela kwi-20% yezigulane, kunye nomyinge oneminyaka emihlanu ukuya kuma-30 ukuya ku-30%. Umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yokuhlinzwa ngokugqithiseleyo uphezulu kwizigulane ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65. Ininzi yabo iyabhema kwaye ihlala isinezifo ezixhamlayo zenkqubo yokuphefumula, njenge-bronchitis kunye ne-emphysema.
Chemotherapy
Incinci ye-carcinoma yindlela ephela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu apho i-chemotherapy icebisekile, kodwa ukuphumelela kwayo kuhamba ixesha elifutshane. Umyinge wokuhlala kwezilwanyana ezine-chemotherapy iinyanga ezili-11 emva kokuphela konyango (xa kuthelekiswa neenyanga ezine ngaphandle kwe-chemotherapy). Phantse i-10% yezigulane ezinomlinganiselo omncinci womhlaza ziphila iminyaka emithathu emva kokunyanga.
Izindlela zokonyangwa komhlaza wemiphunga ziquka:
Ukungenelela kwindlela yokukhusela - ukususwa kwe-tumor yokuqala (ngokungabikho kwamathambo kunye nesimo esonelisayo isigulane);
- Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation - lubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lweengxaki ezingasebenzi;
- I-Chemotherapy yindlela ephambili yokunyanga umdlavuza omncinci wesifo somhlaza.
Cancer e nonayo
Ukunciphisa imeko yezigulane ezingenathemba, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenzisiweyo:
- ukuqaliswa kwe-stent encane ukugcina i-lumen evulekileyo yamathambo aphethwe ngumzimba;
- ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi ezichanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-bronchi;
- ulwaphulo lwe-radiation kunye namanani amancinci emisebe ye-radiation ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu beethambo, ukukhwehlela okukhulu kunye ne-hemoptysis;
- ukutyunjwa kwe-steroids ukuphucula ukutya;
- ukusetyenziswa kwe-morphine kunye nezinye iilcotic analgesics zentlungu yokunceda.