Microbes - abahlobo kunye neentshaba zabantu

Phakathi kweentsholongwane ngabahlobo bethu kunye neentshaba. Ngomabini bobabili kufuneka sizame ukuhlala sempilweni. Iimpawu ezincinci zihlobo kunye neentshaba zomntu, ngoko ke umntu kufuneka aqikelele kakhulu xa ephuza amanzi avela kwiinqanawa ezingaziwa.

Okhokho bethu abade basinakuze bacinge ukuba ihlabathi elikujikelezayo lihlala lithe ngqo ngabantu bemikhosi yonke yezinto eziphilayo ezingabonakaliyo. Kuphela ngokuveliswa kwe-microscope kwiphondo le-XVII kwenzelwa ukuba abantu baqonde ezi ndaba ezibukhali. Kodwa ezi zinto eziphilayo zibonakala kwiplanethi yethu emininzi yeebhiliyoni minyaka edluleyo! Izinto ezincinci kakhulu eziphilayo zidlala indima yazo ebalulekileyo kuMhlaba. Iibhaktheriya ziguqula izinto eziphilayo ukuba zingabonakaliyo, zicime iplanethi yethu ye-debris, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci ezihlala kwindlela yokugaya inyama, kwesikhumba kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisigxininiso, ukusikhusela "kwizihlobo" ze-pathogenic kwaye zidibanise ezinye iivithamini. Kwimizekelo emininzi yeenzululwazi baye bahlala "bekhangele" okwenzekayo kule "hlabathi elifanayo". Ukufunyanwa kwintsimi ye-microbiology kwavumela ukuphuhliswa kwezindlela ezichanekileyo, ezenzululwazi zokuphatha izifo, kunye namanyathelo avimbela ukusabalaliswa kwazo kwamagciwane-abahlobo kunye neentshaba zabantu.


"Iikhampasi" ezinobungozi

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-k'holera ithathwa njengenye yezona zifo eziyesabekayo nezingozi. Evela eIndiya, apho i-foci yayo yabonakala khona, ubhubhane lwangena kwamanye amazwe, luthwele ukufa nokubhujiswa. Akukho mntu wayazi indlela yokujongana nesi sibetho. Ukuqwalasela phantsi kwe-microscope amanzi athatyathwe kwiindawo zokuhlala apho i-kolera yakhupha khona, abaphandi bafumana kuyo izinto ezincinci eziphilayo ezinesimo se-comma kwaye zishukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza ngoncedo lweflagella. Le yayisiyilungu le-cholera. Ukufumanisa kuye kwasiza ekuphuhliseni iindlela eziphumelelayo eziza kunqoba isifo, kwaye emva kwexesha i-kolera yayeka ukuba yinto eyoyikisayo, eyingozi. Ngosizo lwenkroskope, izilwanyana ezibangelwa isifo sofuba, i-typhoid fever, kunye ne-anthrax nazo zafunyanwa. Emva kwexesha, izazinzulu zakha izidakamizwa zokulwa nezi zifo kunye nezigulane - abahlobo kunye neentshaba zabantu.


Amancinci, ewe-micros away- friends and enemies of man.

Ubukhulu bezinto ezincinci - abahlobo kunye neentshaba zomntu zivela kwi-1000 ukuya kwizigidigidi ze-millimeter, zinokuhlolwa kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-microscope. Ezi ncinane zinamalungu eselinye (ngaphandle - ezinye iifungi). Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ii-microbes zondla kwaye zivelise. Umthombo omuhle wezondlo kubo zizinto eziqukethe amanzi amaninzi (ubisi, i-broths), kunye nenyama, intlanzi, njl njl. Iqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo ukuzaliswa kwezilwanyana ezincinci liyi-37-40 C. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, emva kwehafu yesure inani le-microbes liphindwe kabini, kwaye Iiyure ezimbini zanda ngamaxesha angama-16, njl. Iinkcenkceshe zixhaphake kwindalo: kwi-1 ml yamanzi angcolileyo, izigidi zezigidi ze-microbes zingabonwa, kwi-1 g yomhlaba womquba zigidi.

I-microflora yomzimba womntu "isisindo" ukuya kwi-1.5 kg. Iibhaktheriya zihlala esikhwameni, kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga, kwiimpawu zenkqubo yokutya, ukwenza indima yabancedisi bethu kunye nabakhuseli. Iimpawu ezinobungozi - izihlobo kunye neentshaba zomntu nazo ziziva zikhululekile emzimbeni wethu, kwaye ngokunciphisa amandla okukhusela "zidibanisa", ziphazamisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.


Iintshaba eziyimfihlo

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngokukrakra nokucoca kuyimfuneko ukucoca isilonda kunye ne-disinfectant: utywala, i-hydrogen peroxide okanye iodine, ukuze ungashiyi i-microbes ithuba.

Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi (i-metro, izithuthi ezinkulu, iivenkile ezinkulu, iihholo zekonsathi kunye nama-cinemas), inani leencinci lifikelela kumawaka angama-300 ngeekhilomitha nganye. Ngaphandle, bancinci kakhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zifumene iipilisi ezinokuphakama kweemitha ezili-1000: kwisitriyitha enye yomoya obonakala ubonakala ucocekileyo kunama-microphone angama-1500. Ukuba unomzimba okhuselekileyo, umzimba uphumelela ngokumelana nemikhosi engabonakaliyo. Kodwa ukuba ukukhuseleka kubuthathaka, naluphi na ulwaphulo olunobungozi olunokuthi lukhuphe eso sifo. Emva koko kufuneka uzinamathele kwi-hygiene ngokucokisekileyo.


Ukusebenza "izandla ezihlambulukileyo"

Ukuhlambuluka rhoqo kwezandla kumntu wanamhlanje akusona nje uphawu lokukhulisa kakuhle nokuchaneka. Le nkqubo elula iyakwazi ukukhusela kwizifo eziyingozi, kuba kungenxa yezandla ezingcolileyo ezinokungena kwi-microbes-pathogens emzimbeni wethu. Ukuhlamba izandla kunye nemithetho ethile yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuthintela, ezifuna isepha kuphela kunye namanzi afudumele okanye i-alcohol based based disinfectant.

Ngethuba lemini, "siqongelelanisa" ezandleni zeebhaktheriya - zinokuthi zibe kwii-stair rails, izikhokelo zendlela engaphantsi, iingcango zomnyango, ikhibhodi yekhompyutha kunye nezinye izinto. Kungenxa yezandla ezingcolileyo apho izifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo kunye nezifo zintsholongwane zihanjiswa: i-ARVI, i-influenza, isifo segazi, i-enterobiosis, i-hepatitis A kunye nezinye izifo.

Uyakhumbula uvela kwirejista ukuba emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese, kunye nokubuya ekhaya ukusuka ngaphambi kokuba udla, kufuneka uhlambe izandla zakho ngesepha kunye namanzi ahambayo.

Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yintsebenzo "izandla ezihlambulukileyo" ngexesha lwezifo zesifo, ngexesha lexesha lokuxhatshazwa kwezifo zonyaka.

Ngaba ubale imali leyo, uyichitha intengo, uyifake kwikhabhinethi yeembadada, okanye uqokelele izinto ezihlakazekile zomfundi wakho kwikorori? Ungalibali ukuhlamba izandla zakho - zonke izinto ozithintele nje azihlambulukanga ngokupheleleyo! Indlela yomntwana esitrato ukuya kwigumbi okanye ekhitshini kufuneka ukuba ihambe kwindawo yokuhlambela, kungenjalo iingozi zakho ezinobungozi kunye ne-apula okanye isandwich ukuze uthumele emlonyeni kwakhona izilwanyana ezinobungozi - abahlobo kunye neentshaba zabantu.


Umkhuseli othembekileyo olwa neentsholongwane ezinobunzima-abahlobo kunye neentshaba zabantu - isepha ye-bactericidal. Iqulethe i-antibacterial component ye-triclosan, ngenxa yokuba ininzi ye-pathogenic ne-conditionally-pathogenic microorganms isuswe ebusweni bezandla. Yingakho isepha ye-bactericidal kufanele ibe kuyo yonke indlu, kuba iya kunika wena kunye nosapho lwakho ngokukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kunoma yintoni na imeko: endleleni kunye nepikiniki, ekuhambeni kwenkampu nakwi-dacha. Kwakhona kunomdla ukuba abavelisi be-bactericidal soap ngoku banikela iifrayibhile ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yalo - kuyo yonke into. Unokukhetha owunomdla kuwe!