Kuya kuba buhlungu, "apha umntwana ubona konke umntu omdala uthetha ngaye kwaye kuyacaca kuye.
Ukufunda, ngaphezu kokuzalisekisa isigama somntwana, naye uya kwandisa i-horizons (apha kunye nepropati yezinto, nolwazi lwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kunye nabanye abaninzi). Iimpawu zeencwadi zichaphazela ukubunjwa kwendlela yakhe yokuziphatha kwixesha elizayo, kuba kubangelwa ngabalinganiswa ukuba umntwana uzibonakalise aze ahlangabezane nakho konke okwenzekayo kwimifanekiso yabo. Makhe sithethe malunga noko kukhuthazwa ukuba ufunde kubantwana kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kwaye kutheni. Ukukhetha iincwadi, iimifanekiso kunye neefilimu zemvumba zakho, kufuneka, kuqala, zibalalele abalinganiswa (ukuba ziphi, iinjongo zabo, izenzo, indlela abazihambelana ngayo kunye nabanye, ngobudlelwane obunjani kunye nabanye abalingani ebhokisini), ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe uyilo lwencwadi, indlela ecacileyo, abanamakhono abanomdla kunye nokuthabatha into eboniswayo (oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kuvelwe uvelwano). Iincwadi zakha ukucinga nokucamngca, kwaye ngenxa yoko, akuyiyo indima yokugqibela ekuphuculeni kwengqondo yomntwana. Inyaniso eqinisekisiweyo yenzululwazi yintsebenziswano phakathi kwentetho kunye nokucinga, kunye nenkulumo ephuhlisiwe, ingqiqo kwaye icacise iingcamango zomntwana.
Uthando lokufunda emntwaneni kufuneka ugonywe ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kwaye ukwenzela ukwenza oku, kufuneka wazi ngokucacileyo ukuba kukuphi ukukhuthaza ukuba ufunde abantwana kubeminyaka eyahlukeneyo kwaye kutheni. Musa ukulibala, lo msebenzi omde kunye nobunzima - kungekhona nje kumama, kodwa kumntwana ngokwawo, kuba ukuqonda ibali, apho engaboni khona imeko eyenzeka phambi kwamehlo akhe, kusenzima kakhulu kuye. Ngako ke, kukho izigaba zokudala ezibonakalayo, imida yazo ebonakalayo, ephazamiseka kakhulu, kwaye iguquke kwiminyaka eyi-1.5-2.5 (yonke le nto ingumntu ngamnye kumntwana ngamnye). Ukongezelela, kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwithuba elingakanani ochitha ixesha lokufunda, ukuba uninzi - kufuneka ugxininise kumda ophantsi wezinga ngalinye leminyaka, ukuba uncinane - phezulu.
Ngoko ke amanyathelo:
- Ukususela kwesinye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine-iincwadi ezincinci.
- Ukususela kwiminyaka emibini nesigxathu ukuya kweyesithandathu ezisixhenxe - iincwadi kunye nokuncinci kancinci.
- Ukususela kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyesibhozo ukuya ku-9 ubudala - iintlanga ezithandekayo kunye namabali ahlekisayo.
- Ukususela kwiminyaka ezisixhenxe ukuya kwishumi elinanye, amabali anzima. Ziyathakazelisa kubafundi bezemfundo eziphezulu, abathanda ukuphulaphula nokufunda iincwadi, kwaye sele sele befunda amaninzi amabali avela kwicandelo langaphambili.
Iincwadi ezincinane kunazo zonke - "i-turnip", "Teremok", "inkukhu", njl njl, oko kukuthi, amabali abhaliweyo kwizivakalisi ezilula, ezibandakanya inani elincinci lamagama alula kwaye aqondakalayo, aphindaphindiweyo kunye nesingeniso. Ezi ziganeko zichaza ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba sisiphi isiganeko esilula (i-Churochka yabhidliza iqanda), okanye iqela leemeko ezifanayo ("Repka" - utata omkhulu watshala i-turnip, yakhula kwaye kwakuyisihlandlo sokuyihlambulula, umkhulu omnye wokuqala uthabatha i-turnip, ngoko uza kuza kunceda ugogo kwaye phambili). Ukongezelela, iincwadi kufuneka zibe neefoto ezimhlophe kunye nemifanekiso ekholisayo, ekufuneka ixutywe kunye nomntwana kwaye uxele konke okubonwayo, kuba umntwana usoloko elula ukuqonda umbhalo ngokuxhasa imifanekiso.
Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo leencwadi zeli nqanaba liphela ekupheleni kwencwadi, eyenza umntwana abe nengqiqo yokuthembeka kwehlabathi, xa isiphelo esibi singakhokelela ekuveleni kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni, ezinye izazi zeengqondo zincoma ukuba nokuphela kwebali lebali lemihla ngemihla liza kugqitywa, lisithi ngomzuzu wokugqibela wasinda ehlathini.
Iincwadi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - izinkondlo zikaK. Chukovsky ("Aibolit", "Moydodyr", "i-Fedorino Intaba", "ifowuni" - kodwa akuyiyo yonke into ebhaliweyo yalowo mbhali unokufunda kule nkalo yobudala, ngenxa yokuba eli lixesha basoloko bekeka kufuneka bahanjiswe iminyaka emi-5-6), iiVesi zikaSmrshak ("Nansi into ehlakazekile esitratweni yaseBassseennoy"), kunye neendaba malunga nezilwanyana (iZayushkina izbashka, iLisichka kunye ne skalochkoy, iFox kunye neCat nabanye ). Le mi sebenzi ininzi, kwaye iqukethe iziqendu eziliqela ezinxulumene nengqiqo. Kulo mbhalo, kukho intetho eqhubekayo phakathi kwamaqhawe, okuba nzima nakakhulu. Ukuqonda into eyenzekayo, umntwana ufuna ukunyuka kwamazwi. Isiphelo esihle senkcazelo yefayile sisasebenza, ukuze kungabangela ukwesaba. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukhethe kuphela ezo zindaba zeenkcazo apho kungekho nto inzima eyenzekayo (ukubeka iifom ebomvu kwixesha elizayo (iminyaka engama-6-7)), umzekelo weendaba zeNosov "I-Hat Live". Kule minyaka, unokwazi ukucela umntwana ukuba abuyele ukufundwa (umcebisi oyintloko ekubuyiseleni kwakhona yonke imifanekiso ekhanyayo umntwana angayibona), uze uqale ukufunda nokufunda ngokuzimeleyo. Ukususela ekufundeni (ubudala ukususela kwiminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweyesi-8) kuyafuneka kwakhona ngeengxelo ezilula kunye ezimfutshane, ezihamba nemifanekiso enomdla, emininzi.
Iimvakalo ezimnandi kunye namabali ahlekisayo. Unokukhetha incwadi ehluke kakhulu, ebandakanya iinjongo zePinocchio, i-Neznaika kunye nabahlobo bakhe, ixesha elide likaPippi, iziganeko zeentlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi (iindaba zaseburusiya ze-Russian: i-Princess Frog, i-Firebird, i-Morozko, i-Havroshechka, isiJamani: ibhodlo le-Porridge, i-Brave tailor; abanye), (apha apha ukuba uqale ukufunda iincwadi ezibuhlungu), iindaba ze-AS. I-Pushkin, ngokungezelela, kunye neendaba ezibuhlungu, iingoma kunye neenkondlo. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba iincwadi zifundwa ngabazali, ngoku umntwana angakwazi ukuzifunda ngokwakhe, abantwana abaninzi bafunda iibhokhwe, ngokuzicamngca ngokucacileyo kwiindawo zamaqhawe, kwaye ngeli nqanaba abantwana baye bahlakulela ingcamango kwaye imifanekiso ayibaluleke kakhulu kubo.
Amabali anzima kakhulu, atyhisayo kubafundi besikolo sokuqala abafuna ukuphulaphula nokufunda iincwadi kwaye sele befunda amaninzi amabali avela kwicandelo elidlulileyo, "i-Scarlet Flower", kunye ne "Mowgli", "Ubukumkani bezithako ezinqabileyo" kunye ne "Queen Queen", njl njl. iincwadi ezinomfanekiso onzima ngakumbi wehlabathi, apho abalinganiswa bafunda ukwenza izigqibo kwiimeko zobomi bunzima, ukwakha ubudlelwane kunye nabanye, banikele kwaye batshintshe. Isicatshulwa somsebenzi siya kuba nzima nakakhulu, icebo liba luhle kwaye ludibaniso olubanzi, iinkcazo zeemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa zithatha ixesha elininzi, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwabalinganiswa kunye nokuchithwa kombhali, nayiphi na imeko ingaqwalaselwa kwiinkalo eziliqela (zininzi kangakanani amaqhawe amaninzi kwimibono yimeko).
Ngoko kukho inkcenkcesha yokuhamba kweencwadi ezivela elula (Kolobok) nakwiimveli ezinzima ezinjengeemfazwe noxolo.
Usasazibuza - "Kutheni ufundela umntwana ngokuzwakalayo?"
Ukuba abazali babefundise abantwana ukuba bafunde njengomntwana, ngoko nayiphi na i-dvoechnik yayiza kuba nolwimi olungcono, ingcamango, kunye nokugqithiswa kwezinto ezifundisayo, nokuba kunjalo, kuya kulungile. Ungalindelanga ukuba umntwana wakho akhule, unokufunda kunye nosana, kuba umntwana unelungelo lokuva ilizwi likamama, ubone intetho kunye nemvakalelo. Xa umntwana ephendulela unyaka, yena, ulingisa abantu abadala, uya kukwazi ukuthabatha kwaye ahlole imifanekiso kwiincwadi, aqale ukwenza izandi ezithetha ukuba le nto okanye isilwanyana. Xa uneminyaka engama-3 umntwana uya kukwazi ukubuyisela iimbali, funda ii-quatrains .... Eqinisile, inyathelo ngesinyathelo senza abantwana bethu bafunde ukucinga.
Ngelishwa, ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, ukufunda kuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwaye ngelixa kungekho zindlela zokufunda. Ngoko funda umntwana kakhulu kwaye kaninzi!