Ziziphi iibhaktheriya ezincedo?

I-foaming kvass, isonka esithambileyo sisinkwa - asizange sizame, ukuba kungenjalo kubahlobo bethu - ii-microorganisms. Masifunde kunye, yiziphi iibhaktheriya ezinobomi?

Inkwenkwe sele iphendulele ingqalelo kwiindawo ezinobumba ezinemibala emininzi, ngokumangalisayo "iphumelela" kwindawo ekhohliweyo yesonka okanye kwintsimbi yejam.

Kuba iimvuthu, kunokuba kubonakale ummangaliso: izolo isonka sinqwenela ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye namhlanje ... sigqubuthe ngegrey, ephuzi, ebalaphu! "Yintoni na?" Uvela phi? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba udle isonka esinjalo? "- wabuza i-pokachka encinane, okanye mhlawumbi ayizange iqale ngokubumba, kodwa ngokugula:" Ngokuhlwa ndaphilile, kodwa namhlanje? " Okanye umncinci wabona umama ekhupha imvubelo inhlama: "Kutheni i-squeak phantsi kwe-pin pin? Kwaye kutheni ukuphuma kwiphakheji? Yaye ngubani owenza imingxuma ekuvavanyeni? "Abantwana abakwazi ukulinda ukufunda yonke into!

Kwaye ngokwenene, siyintoni na ngokwenene malunga nalezi nezinye izilwanyana ezinokusijikeleza imihla ngemihla?


Debunking Myths

Uninzi lwabantu luqinisekile ukuba ukusuka kwii-microbes - enye inzakalo kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe ukutshabalalisa ngazo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo: ukusuka izandla kunye nesepha ye-antibacterial kunye nokuphela kwonyango lwesentimitha nganye kwendlu kunye nama-chlorine ane-agents. Omnye ufumana izibani ze-ultraviolet kwigumbi labantwana, kunokuba ahlambe izandla zakhe: "Ewe, yibambe ngoku! Njengoko esibhedlele kuya kuba: ucoceko kunye nobuncwane! "Kodwa, okwangoku, izazinzulu ziye zaziwa ngokude-i-microbes, okanye, njengoko zibizwa ngokuchanekileyo, ii-microorganisms, yonke indawo, ngoko kungabalulekanga ukulwa nabo. wakho umzimba.

Ngamanye amaxesha umama ngamnye uyazibuza ukuba yeyiphi i-bacteria enenzuzo kwaye yintoni eyona nto inomdla kumntwana. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphandle kwamagqabhagqabha, ubomi bomhlaba bekungeke kwenzeke!

Umjikelezo wehlabathi wezinto usebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthatha inxaxheba: ukuba ngaba ababethathakayo abancinci bekunjalo, iplanethi yayiza kungcwaba ngokukhawuleza izityalo ezifileyo kunye nezilwanyana ezifileyo. Babuyela emhlabathini xa izinto ezimbiwa "zikhutshwe" kuzo izityalo, ngaloo ndlela zilawula ukuzala kwayo, kunye nemveliso yokutya etafileni yethu imihla ngemihla?

Kodwa oku kwakhona ii-microorganisms zasebenza: zisela ubisi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobisi obuninzi, zenziwe isonka esivela kwimvubelo eluhlaza, eziphekiweyo kangcono kwaye zenziwe lula, zigcinwe ngathi izinto ezikhethiweyo kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo, zanyamekela nokuzonwabisa kwethu, zenza iziyobisi, zenza ukuba zenze izidlo ezinxilisayo - umzekelo, iisizi ezinobumba obuhle "Roquefort" kunye ne "Camembert". Iingcali zeCulinary zisebenzisa i-citric acid ekhishwe kwiibhoksi (ezikwase-microworld), i-agronomists - amalungiselelo ebhaktheriya okulwa nezifo kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezilinywayo, ii-zootechnicians ukulungiselela ukutya okunomsoco kunye nolondolozo lwezilwanyana zasefama (njenge-silage), oomachiza , izitofu, i-enzymes, iivithamini ... Sibhekene nemveliso yokugqibela yemisebenzi emininzi emini, ngaphandle kokucinga ngayo.


Nezihlobo ezingabonakali zihlala kuthi nakithi? Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho iindwendwe ezingalindelekanga, kodwa ezininzi zazo zifakwe kwiqela elihloniphekileyo elithi "microflora yabantu": ii-microorganisms kwiindawo ezininzi ezihlala ekhumbeni kunye nezilwanyana ezinamaqabunga, kodwa ezininzi zazo zihlala emathunjini, apho zisebenza khona ngokufanelekileyo komzimba womntu. Ezinye zivelisa i-enzymes, ekuncedeni ukufumana ngokupheleleyo izondlo ezivela kukutya okungenayo, ezinye zivelise iivithamini, ezixutywa udonga lwamathambo kwaye zisetyenziswe ngumzimba webazalwana bonke. Okwesithathu (i-acidophilic ne-bifidoba terii, kwakunye E. coli) ukuba isibulala-zintsholongwane (m. e. abathintela umsebenzi ubomi) Iipropati isihlobo ukuba putrefactive kunye iintsholongwane izifo.

Ngoku uqonda ukuba yiyiphi ibhakteria efanelekileyo kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iimveliso zobisi ezinomuncu, ngokukodwa kunye nesigcaziso esithi "Bio" egameni (ziqulethe, ngaphezu kwendlela eqhelekileyo ye-lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria)? Abo bafikelele emathunjini ngokukhuselekileyo (kwaye ezininzi ziya kuphumelela), ziya kuhlala zize zithathe ixeshana ngenjongo yokunceda umntu.


Fly in ointment

Nangona kunjalo, akukho konke okukrakra. Njengaziphi na izidalwa zendalo, i-microbes ihluke kwaye ayiwa phantsi kwencazelo "yingozi nakanye" okanye "iyona incedo." Awukwazi ukukhupha izifo ezichaphazelekayo eziqhelekileyo kwaye zihlala ziyingozi - kwakhona ziyi-blagms, ezingabonakaliyo. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu ziye zafunda ukulwa nabaninzi babo - kwezinye iindawo, nokuba kukho ukunqoba kweplanethi, kwagqitywa enye inqabana yesikhashana (umzekelo, iqhenqa, okanye, njengoko kuthiwa ngenye indlela, iqhenqa, inani lamatyala ehlabathini linciphisa minyaka yonke, kodwa kude kube sekude ukuthetha ngokuphumelela komntu kwisifo). Ezinye izifo zentsholongwane zibeka ingozi enkulu kangaka, nangona kunjalo kwinqanaba elikhoyo lokuphuhliswa kweyeza-umzekelo, isifo sofuba. Kwaye izifo ezintsha zibonakala zihlala zibuhlungu: khumbula ubuncinci be-AIDS okanye i-ngulube yeengulube (nangona ininzi yabo ingabizwa ngokuba yintsha kuphela kwiimeko-ngokuqhelekileyo le nto isazi esaziwayo, kodwa ngoku i-microbial eguquguqukayo kunye neepropati ezintsha).


Ukongeza kwinto yokuba ii-microorganisms ezibangela izifo ezahlukeneyo ezithathelwanayo, ezininzi zazo zibangele umonakalo womntu kunye nomnye-umz. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zihlobo ezifanayo: i-lactic acid bactteria ifaka ubisi olutsha; iidya zikhokelela ekutheni ukuvuthwa kunye nokutyunjwa kweebhisi kunye neziqhamo; ubumba ... Nangona kunjalo, ngokubunjwa kwezinto zonke kucacile. Ngethamsanqa, umntu uye wafunda ukujongana nale nkathazo-akumangalisi ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulondoloza kunye nokunyanzelisa imveliso: ukususela kwi-banal abilayo ukuya kwi-ultrasound unyango, ukususela kwi-drying elula ukusetyenziswa kwezilondolozo zeekhemikhali, ukwandisa ixesha lokuhlala ixesha elide okanye okanye umyalelo wokuphakama.


Ngubani omele a soyika

Ukuzikhusela ezinobungozi ezinobungozi kwaye wenze izihlobo ezinoncedo (okanye ezingenakubungozi), kwanele ukugcina imithetho elula, eyaziwayo: ukuhlamba izandla phambi kokutya nangemva kokundwendwela indlu yangasese, emva kokubuya ekhaya ukusuka naphi na, hlamba imifuno ethengiweyo kwimarike okanye kwivenkile kunye neziqhamo, ukubeka esweni kwimihla yokuphila kweempahla, ngexesha leengcinezelo, ukunciphisa umnxibelelwano nabanokuthintela isifo. Kwaye ngokubanzi, imigaqo jikelele yokucoceka nokucoceka ayinakucinywa kwakhona, kodwa kubonakala kungenakuqhelaniswa nokutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kweengcipheko ekhaya. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi. Okokuqala, njengoko kwakutshiwo, iibhaktheriya kunye ne-spores ze-mold fungi zikhona yonke indawo, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwonyango akukude kakhulu. Okwesibini, kungekuphela nje ukulimaza izilwanyana ezinobungozi, kodwa zonke ezinye (zisebenzisekile kwaye zingabandakanyeli kwimizimba), kwaye izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba iintlanganiso rhoqo kunye nabameli be-microworld ziyimfuneko ekubunjweni komzimba. Kwaye, okwesithathu, ama-disinfectants zidla izinto ezinobundlobongela, ezingenzi nje kuphela kwii-microorganisms, kodwa nakwizilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye nabantu.


Masidlale nomntwana

Siza kudlala kwizenzululwazi-i-microbiologist, ezenza iimvavanyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwii-microorganms. Kucacile ukuba i-microscope ayikho kuyo yonke indlu, kwaye nangona kukho, i-bhakteria yinto elula ukuyibona - sidinga amathuluzi akhethekileyo, idayi ... Nangona kunjalo, iipilisi zintle kangangokuthi zona zinzima ukuzibona, kodwa imisebenzi yazo - nceda !! Okokuqala, xelela umntwana ukuba zeziphi izilwanyana, apho zihlala khona, zenza ntoni, kutheni singaboni. Emva koko qalisa ukufunda i-microcosm ekhangayo kunye neyohlukeneyo! Khawukhumbule nje ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo zenzelwe ukuba ziselula kakhulu, kunye nabanye - ziyafumaneka ekuqondeni abantwana abasele bekhulile.


Kutheni ubisi lubuhlungu?

Yenza uvavanyo olulula - uthele kwiikomityi ezahlukeneyo zobisi ezahlukeneyo: inzalo (inomsolo obuninzi), unxweme (uthengiwe) kwaye ubilisiwe (unako ukubilisa kunye nobisi olungagciniweyo). Ukuba kunokwenzeka, unokongeza ubisi lwasekhaya olungapheliyo. Yenza intsana ilandele ukuzama kwayo: imihla ngemihla ihlola imeko "yezifundo zokulinga." Kumntwana omdala, kunokuba kunomdla ukugcina "iDaily of Observation" - njengososayensi bokwenene!

Ekupheleni kwesifundo, umntwana kufuneka enze isigqibo - ubisi obunomuncu bunzima? Kutheni? Ngako oko, abazali bafanele bachaze oko kubangele ukuvumba (i-lactic acid bacteria iyafana nayo yonke imveliso yobisi echitshiweyo esithengiswa kwivenkile), apho iibhaktheriya zavela (ngokuqhelekileyo ezi bhaktheriya zihlala zikhona ebisi, ziya kufika apho ukutya, izityalo ezondliwe yinkomo), indlela yokuthintela ukutshabalalisa ubisi (kuba lo ubisi luqala ukufudumala kwiqondo lokushisa elithile (malunga no-60-80 C) uze ucolile ngokukhawuleza), kutheni ubisi kufuneka kugcinwe epholile indawo (kwifriji, ukuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iibhaktheriya zinciphisa, ngoko ubisi alunelanga ixesha elide).


Zingaphi izimbobo ezikhoyo kwiimvavanyo?

Inkwenkwe mhlawumbi inomdla ukwazi ukuba ngubani owenza izimbobo ezininzi kwisonka. Ukucacisa ngokucacileyo inkqubo yokutywala utywala (oko kukuthi le nto ibangelwa yifungum ekhethekileyo-imbiliso kwaye ikhokelela ekukhonteni inhlama), bonisa ukuba umntwana kunye nawe uphinda yonke indlela edlula isonka ngaphambi kokufika kuthi etafileni. Ukuhlamba inhlama kunye nokudibanisa imvubelo, makhele (ngeli xesha umvubelo wanda kwizinga elifunekayo kwaye uqhuba ukucubungula ushukela oqulethwe ngumgubo otywala kunye ne-carbon dioxide) kwaye ubhaka. Utywala kwinkqubo yokubhaka iya kuphazamiseka, kwaye i-bubbles bubbles iya kuba yizo zibopho ezithandekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngesinambu, unokuqhuba ezininzi iimvavanyo ezithandekayo. Ngokomzekelo, gcoba iimbombo ezifanayo, kodwa ngokudibanisa imvubelo eyahlukeneyo-eyomileyo, ecinezelekileyo okanye enomzimba, kwaye uqhathanise ukuba inhlama iya kuphakama ngokukhawuleza. Iziphumo zingasetyenzwa ngumama ngesitya esilandelayo sesonka esenziwe ekhaya. Unako ukuzama ukulolonga: yongeza ishukela, ibhotela okanye ubisi, uze uthathe imvubelo efanayo kwaye ukhangelele uhlobo luni lwesambatho esiluhlaza. Unokufunda isiphumo sobushushu kwijubane lenhlama ephakamileyo: faka iifotyi ezixoxweyo zibe ngushisa (kwibhetri, kufuphi nesitofu), kubanda (kwifestile okanye kwifriji) kwaye ushiye kwindawo yokushisa. Zonke iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ziya kubanceda ngokucacileyo amantombazana - abafazi bezindlu zangomso! - ukuqonda nokukhumbula ngeemeko ezisisiseko zokuxolela ngokufanelekileyo imvubelo, kunye namakhwenkwe - kubafundi abafuna ukubuza - ukujoyina uncedo lwamam ekhitshini abangaboniyo.


"Velvet" kwi-ukhilimu omuncu

Ngaphezulu kwemveliso yobisi yobuninzi (ngokuqhelekileyo ukhilimu omuncu okanye i-yogurt) emva kokugcinwa kwexesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha ubona iingubo ezimhlophe ze-velvet ezimhlophe. Le yilezi zixhobo ezincinane eziqhelekileyo kuthi - i-mold fungi, ngokuchanekileyo, ubunobumba babo bebisi. Ngokuchasene nobisi obunamanzi obunamanzi, ubumba lobisi, ukuba uqaliswe kwimveliso, awusidli. Ngako oko, memezela imvelo "velvet" kwaye ulahle umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuzisola.


Ngubani ohlala kvass?

Ngamava, i-kvass endala okanye ibhiya, imeko enye: i-kvass kufuneka ibe yendalo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-fermentation ephilayo.

Akukho nto ekhethekileyo yokwenza kunye nayo ayimfuneko - vele uthele kwisitya kwaye ubeke ekhishini etafileni. Musa ukuvala isimbolo ngokuqinileyo. Ngethuba lexesha, ifilimu encomekayo yenziwa phezu kwendawo ye-kvass, equkethe inani le-acetic acid bactteria. Ngesinye ixesha, i-smell ye-acetic acid ivela kwaye emva kwexesha. Chaza kwintsana ukuba ezi bhakteria zifana ne-oksijeni, equlethwe emoyeni, ngoko-ke iyahamba phezu komhlaba, kwaye ungayi kubeka phansi; baqhutywe utywala obukho kwi-kvass, kwi-actic acetic acid.


Kutheni kungabikho ixhoba leqanda?

Amava anokuqhutyelwa emva kokuba uqaphele ukuba umntwana uyasasazeka kwimeko kunye nobomi bendalo - ukutshatyalaliswa kwemveliso. Yonke into eyenzeka kwitheyibhile, enye indlela okanye enye, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva iphantsi ilahleke - iphosa, i-rotes, i-molds. Konke, kodwa kungekhona konke! Kwaye ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamakhomikhali, ungayifumana imveliso emangalisayo, ikhuselwe kwi-spoilage ngokwemvelo ngokwayo - i-anyanisi, i-garlic, inyoko, iqanda ...


Yiyo yokugqibela kwaye iya kuxutyushwa. Mema inzululwazi oselula ukuba aphule inkukhu yenkukhu, uhlukanise i-yolk kwaye uqhube uvavanyo kwiprotheni eluhlaza. Udinga ukuwuthululela kwezinye izitya kunye nokuthelekisa, faka imveliso eyahlukileyo kwisitya esifanayo, umzekelo ubisi. Umntwana kufuneka alinde ade iprotheni iqale. Kuya kwenzeka nini? Ukuba inkukhu eyayithwala iqanda yayisempilweni, bekungeze - iprotheni, kunoko, yome, kunokuba iqala ukubola. Kwaye izinto ezikhethekileyo zinamnceda kule nto, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yi-lysozyme (leyo, ngendlela, esemzimbeni womntu - iqulethwe ematheni kwaye ikhuphe amanzi), ekhusela okuqulathwe kwiqanda kwiibhaktheriya.

Mhlawumbi, eli liva liya kuqinisekisa, ekugqibeleni, i-nehochuhu encinci yokutya itekisi efanelekileyo? Ngelinye igama, yenza izihlobo kunye nezikolo ezincinci kwaye ufundise oku kubantwana bakho - kuyamnandi kwaye kuncedo. Khuthaza umntwana ukuba ajabulele isayensi ukususela ebuntwaneni!