Abavelisi be-transgenes bathi banokusombulula ingxaki yendlala: emva koko, izityalo zabo zikhuselwe kwiintlobo zezilwanyana kwaye zinika isivuno esikhulu. Kutheni, unyaka wonke, amazwe amaninzi ayenqabe ukusebenzisa iimveliso eziguqulwa ngokomzimba? Yaye yintoni impembelelo yangempela ye-GMO kwimpilo yabantu? Xoxa?
Kutshanje, umhlala phantsi waseRussia waziqhayisa kangangokuba iminyaka emininzi akazizi iingxaki ngokukhupha iitatata kwiziko lakhe le-dacha. Kwaye konke, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa kuye, i-Colorado beetle ayidli. Ndiyabulela "ilizwi lomlomo" iifatates zikhawuleza zafudukela ezidiyeni zabahlobo kunye nabamelwane abangenakufumana ngokwaneleyo ukukrazula umonakalo onemizila. Akukho namnye kubo owayenayo ingcamango yokuba wayejongene neentlobo zezityalo zamazambane ezitshintshileyo "iLeaf Leaf", eyayiphangwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwimimandla yokuvavanya ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90. Okwangoku, ngokwemiqulu esemthethweni, isivuno sonke, esifunyenwe ngenxa yolu vavanyo, kwafuneka kubhujiswe ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina bokhuseleko.
Namhlanje, iinqununu ze-transgenic zitholakala kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya zethu eziqhelekileyo, kwimixube yabantwana. Makhe sizame ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwa ngokwemizimba kunye kwaye ziphi iingozi ezihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
USomandla
Ubuchwephesha bwanamhlanje buvumela izazinzulu ukuba zithathe iizakhi kwiiseli zomzimba omnye kwaye zidibanise kwiiseli zenye, zithi, isityalo okanye isilwanyana. Ngenxa yentshukumo, umzimba unikwe uphawu olutsha - umzekelo, ukuchasana nesifo esithile okanye inkathazo, isomiso, isithwathwa kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakala zinenzuzo. Ubunjineli be-Genetic bunike umntu ithuba lokusebenzisa imimangaliso. Emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo umcinga wokuwela, uthi, i-tomato nentlanzi, kwakubonakala ingenangqondo. Kwaye namhlanje le ngcamango yafezwa ngempumelelo ngokudala utamatisi ongenamakhaza - umgubo weNorth Atlantic utywala wawufakelwa kwimifuno. Uvavanyo olufanayo luyenziwa ngeerberberries. Omnye umzekelo i-potato leyo i-Colorado beetle ayiyidli (ukutshintsha i-gene bacterial gene kwisityalo esinike yona ngokukwazi ukuvelisa amaqabunga ayo kwiprotheni ye-beetle). Kukho ubungqina bokuba "i-scorpion gene" yayibandakanywa ngqolowa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhathisa kwiindawo ezimeleyo. I-genetics yaseJapan yazisa i-gene spinech kwi-genome yeengulube: ngenxa yoko, inyama yaba ngamanqatha angaphantsi.
Ngokweenkcukacha ezisemthethweni, ii-hekta ezingama-60 zihlwayelwe kwihlabathi namhlanje ngezityalo ze-GM (i-soybean, ummbila, udlwengulo, ikotoni, ilayisi, ingqolowa, kunye ne-beet ishukela, iifatata kunye nefodya). Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo zezityalo ezichasene nezilwanyana ezincinci, inambuzane okanye iintsholongwane. Kwakhona kuzo zakhiwa iigciwane kunye namayeza achasene nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-lettuce evelisa isitofu sokulwa nesifo se-hepatitis B, ibhanana equkethe i-analgin, ilayisi enevithamini A.
Imifuno yeTransgenic okanye isiqhamo siqhakazile, sikhulu, sinomhlaza kwaye sinokugqibeleleyo. Uza kuyisombulula le apple enhle ye-wax - ilala iiyure ezimbalwa ezimhlophe-kunye nomhlophe. Kwaye ukuzalwa kwethu okumhlophe "emva kokugqibela kwemizuzu engama-20," ngenxa yeenkqubo ze-apple oxidative zenzeke, zinikezelwe ngendalo.
Kunokuba sisengozini?
Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zidla ukutya kwe-GMO imihla ngemihla. Ngelo xesha, umbuzo wempembelelo ye-GMO kwimpilo yabantu ayengaphendulwa. Iingxoxo ngezihloko ziqhubeka kweli hlabathi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Iingcali zenzululwazi ze-Genetics aziyi kubakho nawuphi na uluvo olucacileyo malunga nendlela iimveliso ze-transgenic ezichaphazela ngayo umzimba womntu kunye nemiphumo enokwenzeka yokusetyenziswa kwabo kwikamva elikude. Emva koko, i-20 engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 idlulile emva kokubonakala kwayo, kwaye eli lixesha elifutshane kwizigqibo ezigqityiweyo. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba i-genetic modele iyakwazi ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni womzimba.
Izazinzulu azibandakanyi ukuba i-GMOs ingabangela ukunyuka kwesifo kunye nokukhathazeka okukhulu kwemithi, kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezixakekileyo, ukukhusela isistim somzimba kunye nokukhokelela ekukhuselweni kwemveliso ethile yezokwelapha. Yonke imihla kukho idatha entsha yesayensi eqinisekisa ubungqina beempembelelo ezingalunganga ze-GMO kwizilwanyana zokulinga, apho zonke iinkqubo zomzimba ziqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kunabantu.
Kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendiza zokuxhathisa ama-antibiotics ekudalweni kwe-GMO kungabangela ukusabalalisa iintlobo ezintsha zebhaktheriya ezinama-pathogenic ezingaphenduliyo "kwizixhobo" ezichasene nezifo. Kule meko, amaninzi amachiza aya kuba yinto engasebenzi.
Ngokutsho kophando lwezityalo zaseBrithani ezipapashwe ngo-2002, i-transgenes inepropati yokuhlala emzimbeni womntu kwaye, ngenxa yalokho kuthiwa "ukutshintshela okuhamba phambili", ukudibaniswa kwizinto ezizaliswayo zezinambuzane zamathumbu emathumbu (ngaphambili kwakungavunywa). Ngo-2003, i-data yokuqala ibone ukuba izakhi ze-GM zenziwe ngobisi lweenkomo. Kwaye unyaka kamva udangalisa idatha kwi-transgens ibonakala kwiphephandaba kwinyama yeenkukhu, idliwe kwi-corn ye-GM.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zibalaselisa kakhulu ingozi ejongene nokusetyenziswa kwe-transgenes kumayeza. Ngo-2004, inkampani yaseMerika yabika ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqolowa, apho kwacetywa khona ukufumana amalungiselelo okukhusela. Ukutshiza okungalawulwayo okungafaniyo kunye nezinye izityalo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zokuzala.
Nangona kukho iinkcukacha ezingentla, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba izifundo zangexesha elide lokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-transgenic azizange zenziwe, ngoko akukho mntu unokuqiniseka ngokuphathelele nayiphi na impembelelo embi kubantu. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokukhanyela.
GMO ngesiRashiya
Abantu abaninzi baseRussia abanakuze bakrokre ukuba ukutya okuguqulwe ngokwemizimba kuye kube yinto ebalulekileyo yokutya kwabo. Enyanisweni, nangona e-Russia akukho nhlobo lwezityalo ze-transgenic ezisakhulayo ngokusemthethweni ukuthengiswa, ukuhlolwa kwimihlaba yeentlobo ze-GM kuye kwenziwa ukususela kwi-90s. Kukholelwa ukuba iimvavanyo zokuqala zenziwa ngo-1997-1998. Isifundo sabo sasiyintlobo yezityalo zamazambane ezithintekayo "I-Leaf entsha" ngokuchasene ne-Colorado beetle, i-beet ishukela, engaxhatshazwa kwi-herbicide kunye nengqolowa, engaxhomekanga kwiinambuzane ezinobungozi. Ngo-1999, le mvavanyo yavalwa ngokusemthethweni. Akunakulungi ukuthetha, ngenxa yeli xesha lonke inani elikhulu lokutshala impahla lithatyathwe ngabafama abaqokelelweyo kunye nabahlali behlobo belo xesha bekhula ngokwabo. Ngoko xa kuthengwa izitato kwiimarike kukho ithuba lokuba "ugijime" "efanayo" iphepha elitsha ".
Ngo-Agasti 2007, isigqibo samkelwa, ngokubhekiselele ekungeniseni nasekuthengisweni kweemveliso eziqulethe izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ngokwemali engaphezu kwe-0.9%, kufuneka zenziwe kuphela xa kukho uphawu lokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, ukungenisa, ukuvelisa kunye nokuthengiswa kokutya kwabantwana, equlethe i-GMOs, bavinjelwe.
Ewe, iRashiya yayingakulungele ukuphumeza le myalelo, ukususela namhlanje kungabikho mqathango wokulawulwa kokumakisha, imiyalelo yokuqhuba uhlolo, ayikho ielabhu ezaneleyo ezixhotyiselwe ukuhlalutya ubukho be-GMO kwimveliso. Kwaye ekugqibeleni sifunde yonke inyaniso malunga nemvelaphi yeempahla kwiivenkile zethu, awaziwa. Kodwa ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa malunga nobukho bezinto ze-GM ekudleni kuyimfuneko kubokuqala, ukuze kuthathe isigqibo sokuba uzuze okanye cha. Futhi musa ukubeka ingozi kwimpilo yakho.
Kwinqaku!
I-Soy ngokwayo ayimelanga ingozi. Kukho iiprotheni ezininzi zemifuno, i-microelements ebalulekileyo kunye namavithamini. Okwangoku, ama-soybean angaphezu kwama-70% akhiqizwa kwihlabathi ahlukahlukeneyo. Yaye luhlobo luni lwesityalo - okanye lwangaphandle - luyinxalenye yemveliso emininzi kwiitrhefu zezitolo zethu, awaziwa.
Ubhaliso kwimveliso "isitashi esitshintshileyo" asithethi ukuba iqukethe ii-GMO. Enyanisweni, isitashi esinjalo sifumaneka ngekhemikhali ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kobunjineli bemfuza. Kodwa isitashi sinokuthi sibe yi-transgenic - ukuba i-GM-corn okanye i-GM-litatoes yayisetyenziswa njengezinto ezibonakalayo.
Qaphela!
EYurophu, kwimveliso yeGM, i-shelf ehlukeneyo yabelwe kwiivenkile, kwaye uluhlu lweenkampani ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-transgenic. Ngaphambi koko, kubonakala ngathi kusekude. Yintoni enokuyenza kwabo abangafuni ukusebenzisa ukutya okunokuguqulwa komzimba? Iingcebiso ezimbalwa ezona ziza kunceda ukuphepha ukuthenga okungazinzulisayo.
• Ngaphandle, iimveliso ezinezixhobo ze-GM azifani neendawo eziqhelekileyo, akukho nambatho okanye umbala, okanye ukuvumba. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge loo mveliso, funda ngokucophelela ileyibhile, ingakumbi ukuba imveliso eyenziwa ngaphandle.
• Khupha ingqalelo kwizithako ezifana neoli yegesi, isiraphu yengqolowa, isitatshi samabele, iprotheni ye-soy, i-soybean oil, i-soy sauce, isidlo se-soya, ioli kunye neoli ye-canola (ukudlwengulwa ngamafutha).
• I-protein ye-Soy ifumaneka kule mikhiqizo elandelayo: i-sausage, pate vermicelli, ubhiya, isonka, ii-pie, ukutya okunqabileyo, ukutya kwezilwanyana kunye nokutya komntwana.
• Ukuba iileyile "iprotheni yemifino" kwilebula, mhlawumbi i-soy - kungenzeka ukuba i-transgenic.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-GMO zikwazi ukufihla emva kwee-indices ze-E. Ngokuyinhloko i-lecithin ye-soy (E 322), esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yetshokolethi, zonke iintlobo zokubhaka, i-margarine kunye nezinto ezininzi zokutya. I-aspartame (E 951), i-aspartame (E 951), isithsaba sesibini esithandwa kakhulu kwaye ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya ezifana neziphuzo ezicokisekileyo, i-chocolate, i-yoguts, i-yogus, i-yogusts, i-yogamts substitutes, amavithamini, Xa ukufudumala kukushisa kwe-+30 ° C, i-aspartame iyanqamuka, yakha i-formaldehyde eqine kakhulu ye-carcinogen kunye ne-methanol enobuthi. Ukutyhefuza nge-aspartame kubangele ukuphelelwa amandla, ukuxakeka, ukuxakeka, ukuthatha intlungu, intlungu kunye kunye nokulahlekelwa kweentetho.
• Unokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inani lokutya okwenziwe nge-transgenic kwimenyu yakho xa uthatha umkhuba wokupheka ekhaya, kunokuthenga iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nezinto ezigqityiweyo. Yaye idlula i-yeshumi indlela yokutya yokutya ngokukhawuleza. Uyavuma ukuba uqobo ulungiselele i-confectionery, okusanhlamvu, iintlobo zeesobho, iindwangu kunye nezinye izitya zi-tastier kwaye ngexesha elifanayo zininzi ngakumbi.