Iingcali zovavanyo zokubeleka ngaphambi kokubeletha zibiza uvavanyo oludibeneyo, iinkqubo eziliqela ezifanayo ezivumela ukufumanisa ukungalunganga komntwana kwisisu (Down syndrome, i-Edwards syndrome, i-neural tube defect) kunye nokufunda isakhiwo somzimba kunye nezicubu ezizungezile. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezichanekileyo ngokulinganayo, imfundiso ethembekileyo. Ngako-ke, ukuba uphando olunjalo, kufuneka uphenduke kwiingcali zangempela uncedo. Luhlobo luni "lwesiqhamo" oku, ukuphonononga, kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo uya kufunda kwinqaku ngesihloko esithi "Ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana, iziphumo zokuvavanya".
Ngokutsho kweengcebiso ze-World Health Organisation, izibonakaliso zolu vavanyo lokuphonononga lunokuba nezizathu ezininzi:
- izifo ezizalwayo kwiintsapho ezisondeleyo;
- ubuncinane ubuncinane bokukhupha izithandabuzo kwiimigaqo yokuqala;
- udluliselwe ibhaktheriya, izifo zentsholongwane (umz., i-hepatitis, rubella, herpes, cytomegalovirus);
- yobudala bomfazi emva kweminyaka engama-35-39;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwemisebe okanye ezinye iziphumo ezinobungozi kumnye wabatshatileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
Kodwa, akukho lathiso lokuhlalutya kunye ne-ultrasound, okanye neziphumo zabo ezilandelayo, lithetha ukuba ukukhubazeka kuya kuphuhliswa ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokumalunga nobudala, iinombolo zibiza ngokuchaseneyo. Ukuqhathaniswa nje nomfanekiso ofanelekileyo wokukhulelwa, ubunokwenzeka beengxaki zanda. Ngoko qaphela inkqubo yakho yeentliziyo kwaye ulungelelanise ukuzalwa komntwana ophilileyo.
Yintoni ebandakanywa kwisifundo?
Ikhutshwe ngeveki ye-10 ukuya kwe-13 yokukhulelwa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezifanayo kwi-trimester yesibili, kuthathwa njengento echanileyo, kunye nepesenteji ezincinci zeziphumo ezimbi. Ngoncedo lwenkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhompyutheni evumela ukuba ubale ingozi ehlanganisiweyo ye-chromosomal engafanelekanga yokuphuhliswa kwe-fetal, ngokwemiphumo yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwindoda kunye ne-ultrasound, iingcali zihlola imeko yento encinci. Zonke izixhobo zithatha ama-2-2.5 iiyure kuphela. Ngexesha le-ultrasound, ugqirha uya kugqiba kwaye angene kwi-questionnaire ubungakanani be-coccyx ukuya kwithsaba (CTE), ubukhulu bendawo yekhola - intambo yomlomo wesibeleko, indawo yokuqokelela kwe-fluid yangaphakathi (TBP). Ezi parameters ziza kwenza ukuba kuchaneke ngokuchanekileyo ixesha lokukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa okubanzi kunye nohlobo lwalo, olubaluleke kakhulu ekuqwalaselweni okufanelekileyo kokukhulelwa, kwakunye nempawu ezichanekileyo zokuphulwa komntwana wokukhula komntwana. Yonke idatha ingeniswe kwiphepha lemibuzo kwaye ithathwa ingqalelo kwi-diagnostic. Ukuba neziphumo ze-ultrasound, unokunikela ngegazi. Uhlalutyo lweebhormikhali zezinto eziphilayo luqhutywa yiingcali ukuze ziqwalasele ezi zilandelayo:
- i-subunit ye-beta yamahhala ye-chorionic gonadotropin (i-beta-hCG). Iyunithi eyingqinileyo inquma i-hCG ekhethekileyo ye-biological and immunoreactive ye-hCG-i-hormone ekhethekileyo yokukhulelwa eyenza iiseli ze-chorion (igobolondo lembumbulu).
- ipropytheni ethile ye-whey (i-PA-PP-A), ibandakanyeke ekubunjweni komzimba wokukhusela umzimba, kunye nophuhliso lwepentecenta. Ukucwangcisa iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwegazi kunye ne-ultrasound, ugqirha ufuna kwakhona ulwazi olunzulu malunga nomfazi.
Isisindo somzimba, iziyobisi ezathathwayo, nokuba utshaya ngaphambi kokukhulelwa - konke oku kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ziqwalaselwe ekuqwalaseleni i-trimester yokuqala. Ukuba unokufumana ulwazi oluthe nkcukacha malunga nomama nomntwana, i-geneticist iya kunika iingcebiso. Ngoku siyazi ukuba ukuhlolwa kokubeleka kukuphi, iziphumo zohlalutyo zibonisa yonke into ngokuchanekileyo.